iii. Other ingredients used include: rabbit & mice heads‚ lizard liver‚ and ground shells D. Introduction of “ammonia” iv. Romans discovered cleaning properties of “hartshorn” (Moore) 3. Hartshorn: a derivative from antlers and hooves of the red deer. 4. When ground and added into cleaning solution‚ demonstrated many ammonia type characteristics v. This could have led to the most interesting and perhaps widely used ingredient – human urine
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moistened in two different substances (NH4OH and HCl). These cotton balls were plugged at each side of a glass tube. After some time‚ formation of a white ring occurred. The white ring‚ in fact‚ is a product of the reaction between the molecules of ammonia (NH3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). Results showed that NH3 which has a relatively lower molecular weight (MW NH3= 17.03 g/mol) than HCl (MW HCl= 36.46 g/mol) diffused at a faster rate (dave NH3 = 19.35 cm) compared to HCl (dave HCl= 16.18 cm). Another
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was the process of substituting muscle power with machine power. It took place in the 18th century in Europe and is still happening in many parts of the world. In many characteristics it has been similar to the Neolithic revolution: it increased production‚ it led to the use of resources that had been mostly unused until then and it improved the overall quality of life. It also led to changes in the structure of society. What was different was its impact on population growth. It was quick and easily
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CALCULATIONS CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS INTRODUCTION The first part of this ‘Chemical Calculations’ topic will help us to work out QUANTITIES involved in a reaction; For example‚ a manufacturer might want to know‚ How much ammonia will I produce from 20 tonnes of nitrogen in the Haber Process? To do these calculations you will need to be familiar with the term Ar (relative atomic mass)‚ Mr‚ Molar mass and Mole. Relative Atomic Mass – Ar • The Ar tells us the average
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traits of chemicals and their corresponding chemical reactions with other chemicals were more evident and familiar. Five preliminary tests were used to infer possible ions: two for cations‚ namely‚ precipitation reactions with hydroxide (OH-) and ammonia (NH3) respectively; and two for anions‚ namely‚ precipitation reactions with barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2)‚ and non-precipitation reactions involving ferric chloride (FeCl3) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) respectively. Confirmatory tests for all possible
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1ST SIX WEEKS PERIOD Unit A Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Classifying Plants Modeling Water Transport Material: * small sponge‚ * pie tin‚ * water‚ * glass‚ * red food coloring‚ * celery stalk. Procedure 1. Pour a cup of water into the pie tin and the glass. Add food coloring to the glass. 2. Have a student place the sponge in the pie tin and the celery stalk in the glass. 3. After 24 hours‚ ask students how the sponge and celery model water transport systems in
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kJ a. increasing temperature d. removing some Cl2(g) b. increasing the size of the container e. injecting some He gas c. decreasing temperature ____ 4. 10.0 mol of ammonia gas is injected into a 4.0 L container. At equilibrium 1.2 mol of hydrogen gas is found in the container. The number of moles of ammonia gas left in the container must be which of the following? N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) + 94 kJ a. 6.8 d. 8.8 b. 6.4 e. 9.2 c. 8.6 ____ 5. A closed flask contains this
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coordination compound‚ pentaaminechloridocobalt (III) chloride‚ was determined through a synthesis through an oxidation reduction of cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2·6H2O) and a reaction of the product with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and ammonia (NH3). Through iodometric and spectrophotometric analysis‚ the percent cobalt was then found in the samples of pentaaminechloridocobalt. When looking at the iodometric analysis‚ there was a mean amount of 26.29% cobalt with an average deviation of
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amounts are unknown. By determining the percent composition of various elements and compounds in the unknown‚ its true identity can be predicted. Chloride‚ ammonia‚ and cobalt are three examples of percent compositions determined to help narrow the selection of possible unknowns. Titrations using Na2S2O3 and HCl to determine percent cobalt and ammonia‚ respectively‚ are used. Silver nitrate is used to precipitate the chloride ions in the unknown‚ which can be measured to determine the percent composition
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tendency to be infected with e-coli‚ salmonella and other bacteria. Eldon Roth created a process by which the beef trimmings are put in a 100 degree heated centrifuge which mechanically removes the fat from the meat. The meat is then treated with ammonia gas (or citric acid which is now used by BPI competitors) to kill the e-coli‚ salmonella and other bacteria and then sold to ground beef producers who use up to 25% of it as an additive in their ground beef. It is estimated that 70% of ground beef
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