proteins and hormones. Though urine varies in appearance‚ normal urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber but is usually a pale yellow. Normal human urine is odorless‚ but if left in the open for some time it changes to a distinct ammonia smell. Some of the main components of urine are ions like sodium‚
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m paper Chemistry Notes & Worksheet: Acids‚ Bases & Salt Name : __________________________________________________ ( ) Class : Secondary 3 Maju/Cemerlang Date : ______ August 2012 Acids Definition: Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Strong Acids | Weak Acids | Chemical Name | Chemical Formula | Organic acids such as citric acid‚ ethanoic acid. | Hydrochloric acid | HCl | | Sulphuric acid | H2SO4 |
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SUMMARY OF ORGANIC REACTIONS SECTION 1 - ALIPHATIC Aldehydes and ketones |Type of reaction |Mechanism | |1. oxidation (aldehydes only): aldehyde ( carboxylic acid |n/a | | | | |reagents: potassium
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Coordination Complexes of Cobalt Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Lab 02/27/2015 Abstract When the transition metal‚ cobalt‚ forms a complex involving a nitrate ion‚ the ligand has the ability to coordinate via N or O. The ability of the nitrate to attach via the N or O gives rise to the term‚ linkage isomers and can affect the functionality of the complex with other molecules. To explore structural differences between complexes‚ pentaaminechlorocobalt (III) chloride‚ pentaaminenitritocobalt (III)
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BINARY COMPOUNDS -Compose of two kinds of atom Polyatomic Ion | Name | OH-1 | hydroxide | SO4-2 | sulfate | PO4-3 | phosphate | NO3-1 | nitrate | CO3-2 | carbonate | HCO3-1 | hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate | ClO3-1 | chlorate | NH4+1 | ammonium | TWO NON-METALS - Give the name of the positive ion followed by the negative ion ending with -ide -Greek prefixes are used CO-carbon monoxide CO2-carbon dioxide NO-nitrogen
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of this experiment‚ you may assume that the heat loss to the calorimeter and the surrounding air is negligible. OBJECTIVES In this experiment‚ you will • Use Hess’s law to determine the enthalpy change of the reaction between aqueous ammonia and aqueous hydrochloric acid. • Compare your calculated enthalpy change with the experimental results. [pic] Figure 1 MATERIALS |LabQuest |2.0 M hydrochloric acid‚ HCl‚ solution
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of scientific investigation into the origin of life. Miller took molecules which were believed to represent the major components of the early Earth’s atmosphere and put them into a closed system The gases they used were methane (CH4)‚ ammonia (NH3)‚ hydrogen (H2)‚ and water (H2O). Next‚ he ran a continuous electric current through the system‚ to simulate lightning storms believed to be common on the early earth. Analysis of the experiment was done by chromotography. At the end of one week
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reduced by the addition of two hydrogen atoms‚ a reaction powered by the breakdown of ATP. Such a reduction occurs three times‚ with the addition of a total of three hydrogen atoms to each nitrogen atom. In a third and final step‚ two molecules of ammonia (NH3) are released and dissolve in cell water to form ammonium ions. The nitrogenase enzyme is then free to bind more nitrogen gas.”(Brooker et al‚ 2008) Figure 1 – The biological process of nitrogen fixation (Brooker et al‚ 2008) As it was mentioned
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Sodium chloride‚ NaCl‚ 0.2 M Sodium bromide‚ NaBr‚ 0.2 M Potassium iodide‚ KI‚ 0.2 M Sodium sulfate‚ Na2SO4‚ 0.2 M Sodium carbonate‚ Na2CO3‚ 0.2 M Sodium nitrate‚ NaNO3‚ 0.2 M Test Reagents: Silver nitrate‚ AgNO3‚ 0.1 M Ammonia‚ NH3‚ 6 M Nitric acid‚ HNO3‚ 6 M Potassium permanganate‚ KMnO4‚ 0.1 M Mineral oil Sodium hydroxide‚ NaOH‚ 6 M Barium hydroxide‚ Ba(OH)2‚ saturated Barium chloride‚ BaCl2‚ 0.1 M Acetic acid‚ HC2H3O2‚ 6 M Aluminum(s)‚ granules
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Surname Centre No. Initial(s) Signature Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 4335/1F Examiner’s use only London Examinations IGCSE Team Leader’s use only Chemistry Paper 1F Foundation Tier Monday 9 May 2005 – Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials required for examination Nil Items included with question papers Nil Question Leave Number Blank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above‚ write your centre number and candidate
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