Example 1 Nozzle Flow - Steam Steam at 1.5 bar and 150 deg C enters a nozzle at 10 m/s and exits at 1 bar. Assuming the flow is reversible and adiabatic‚ determine the exit temperature and velocity. If the exit nozzle area is 0.001 m2‚ evaluate the mass flow rate of the steam through the nozzle. P1 = 1.5 bar T1 = 90 deg C V1 = 10 m/s A2 = 0.001 m2 P2 =1 bar T2 = ? V2 = ? mdot = ? V2 = sqrt(V1*V1+2*(h1-h2)) mdot = rho*A2*V2 = A2*V2/v2 T2 382.60 m/s 0.22 kg/s 111.81 degC Superheated
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Chapter 6 Introduction to thermodynamics Topics First law of thermodynamics. Definitions of internal energy and work done‚ leading to dU = dq + dw. Heat capacities‚ Cp = CV + R. Reversible and irreversible processes. Various types of expansion‚ isothermal‚ adiabatic. CV and Cp according to kinetic theory‚ monatomic gases‚ other gases. The meaning of temperature‚ empirical temperature scale‚ perfect gas scale‚ the second law of thermodynamics‚ thermodynamic temperature scale. So far‚ we have concentrated
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We have criticized evolutionists for their lack of understanding of basic thermodynamic principles‚ and we have criticized creationists for their inadequate explanation of why thermodynamic considerations rule out any possibility of evolution. Now it is time for us to attempt to do what others have failed to do. This is no easy task. In engineering colleges‚ thermodynamics often turns out to be one of two "weed-out courses" that causes students to change majors. (The other is fluid mechanics.)
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Abstract: This report will show the acquired understanding of the refrigeration cycle by using first and second laws of thermodynamics. In order to analyze this system several assumptions where made such like an isentropic process at the compressor an isenthalpic expansion in the throttling valve. Diagrams will be provided to depict these thermodynamic processes in addition to computing the heat transferred to the system and the work input to the compressor. Table of Contents Abstract .
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APPLICATION OF THERMODYNAMICS THERMODYNAMIC OF GASES (ADIABATIC CHANGE) In thermodynamic of gases‚ we can study about the changes to the internal energy of gas and factors affecting the internal energy. Thermodynamic also involves work done and heat supplied or lost by a gas. THERMODYNAMICS The study of temperature‚ heat‚ and related macroscopic properties comprises the branch of physics. Thermodynamics deals with processes which cause energy changes (internal energy) as a result
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FUNDAMENTALs of thermodynamics (meg 210) INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS Applied Thermodynamics is the Science of the inter-relationship between Heat‚ Work and Properties of Systems. It is concerned with the means necessary to convert heat energy from available sources such as chemical fuel or nuclear piles into mechanical work. Classical Thermodynamics This is the transformation of work and heat in relation to the properties of matter on macroscopic or bulk basis. Statistical
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[BLANK_AUDIO]. Welcome back. So last time we talked about work transfer as a form of energy transfer across the system boundary. Now there are a few key points we need to remember. Work transfer is not a system property. Where transfer depends on the process path and there are many different types and forms of work transfer so last time we introduced expansion and compression work and that’s the work to raise or lower a piston. Now that type of work is very important
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ABSTRACT The paper postulates a thermodynamic theory of money and describes both quantitavely and qualitatively its mechanics that unify economic production and finance in a sustainability framework. The theory will examine various economic issues‚ such as‚ full employment‚ economic growth‚ economic development‚ economic justice‚ the role of financial institutions‚ technology transitions and sustainable natural resource use‚ and be contrasted with the dominant money theory. It is claimed that
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be ideal or non-ideal. The type of solution whether it is ideal or non-ideal‚ will have a different thermodynamic function. Thermodynamics is a system where it is about a relation of conservation of energy and the movement or transferring of energy to predict the spontaneous direction of a chemical process that occur and it’s equilibrium state when reached. In this topic of solution thermodynamics‚ it is focusing on colloidal solution. It is important for us to understand the concept of osmotic
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Lesson1- Laws of Thermodynamics Annette Tyler Laws of Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is the study of energy‚ the conversion of energy to various forms and the ability of energy to do work. The term ‘Thermodynamics’ originate from two root words ‘thermo’ which means heat and ‘dynamic’ which means power. The laws of thermodynamics are absolute and the observable universe obeys the Laws of Thermodynamics. The First Law of Thermodynamics is commonly known as the Law of Conservation of Matter
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