Separation of a Carboxylic Acid from a Neutral Compound by Extraction Reference: Smith‚ Chapter 2 (Acids and Bases) Introduction Carboxylic acids and phenols are two families of organic compounds that contain carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen‚ and also react with water to yield an excess of hydronium ions over hydroxide ions. Pure water has a pH of 7‚ which means it has a hydronium ion concentration‚ [H3O+] of 10-7 M (M = molarity‚ moles/Liter). The hydronium ions in pure water come from the self-ionization
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BUFFERS By: Luis P. Bazan‚ RPh.‚ Ph.D. A buffer solution is a solution of: 1. A weak acid or a weak base and 2. The salt of the weak acid or weak base Both must be present! A buffer solution has the ability to resist changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of either acid or base. Consider an equal molar mixture of CH3COOH and CH3COONa CH3COOH (aq) H+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq) Adding more acid creates a shift left IF enough acetate ions are present 16.3 Which of the following
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REPORT EXPERIMENT 9 CARBOXYLIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES Date: January 19‚ 2004 Objectives: 1. To understand the reactions of carboxylic compounds and derivatives. 2. To know the methods for preparing carboxylic acid derivatives. 3. To know the methods for testing the carboxylic acid derivatives. Experimental Procedures: 9.1 Solubility 1. Prepare 3 test tubes with 3 ml of water in each. 2. Place 3 drops of acetic acid‚ benzoic acid‚ and oxalic acid in separate test tubes. 3. Shake and observe
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Berri Pure Fruit Juice Case Ágústa Hera Harðardóttir‚ Christian Washausen‚ Kerstin Fick‚ Michelle Won 1. Based on what you know from the case and given that the international expansion to Asia-Pacific is agreed upon‚ what decisions have to be made by the company and in what order? After analyzing the company’s external and internal environment in Taiwan‚ the business and mission for the particular market have to be defined. During the process Berri has to set its objectives for the market
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Name: Citric acid Chemical Name: 2-hydroxypropane-1‚2‚3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical Formula: C6H8O7 Chemical Structure: pH: 4.18‚ 3.90‚ 3.57 Classification: Weak acid Uses: It is a natural preservative/conservative and is also used to add an acidic or sour taste to foods and drinks. It is also used mainly as an acidifier‚ as a flavoring‚ and as a chelating agent. Name: Vinegar acid Chemical Name: Acetic acid or ethanoic acid Chemical Formula: C2H4O2 Chemical Structure:
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Acid rain is a common term for pollution caused when sulfur and nitrogen dioxides combine with atmospheric moisture to produce a rain‚ snow‚ or hail of sulfuric and nitric acids. Such pollution may also be suspended in a fog‚ or the pollutants may be deposited in dry form. Environmental damage from acid rain has been reported in northern Europe and North America. High levels of acid rain have also been detected in other areas of the world‚ such as above the tropical rain forest of Africa. Acid rain
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Acids and Bases Q1.This question is about several Brønsted–Lowry acids and bases. (a) Define the term Brønsted–Lowry acid. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (1) (b) Three equilibria are shown below. For each reaction‚ indicate whether the substance immediately above the box is acting
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Acid rain‚ or more accurately acid precipitation‚ is the term used for describing rainfall with a pH level lower than 5.6. This type of pollution is a matter of great debate currently due to the potential of its causing environmental damages all across the world. For the last decade or so acid rain has caused destruction to hundreds of lakes and streams in many parts of the world‚ including the US‚ Canada‚ and Europe. Acid rain forms due to the oxides of sulfite and nitrogen combining with the moisture
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The Foods to Avoid that Causes Acid Reflux Problems in the digestive system should not be neglected. There are different possible digestive system disorders or diseases that are most often neglected by many people. The most common digestive problem is the acid reflux or gastro-esophageal reflux disease‚ mostly known as heartburn. Acid reflux affects different ages from infants to young children and adults as well. This disorder should be given special attention because it can lead to a more serious
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Experiment 8: Synthesis of Adipic Acid Performed November 8th & 10th By Jennifer Seitz Organic Chemistry 344 Section 803 Fall 2011 Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize adipic acid from cyclohexanol via an oxidation reaction that was catalyzed by sulfuric acid. Purity of the product was assessed by measuring the melting point. Physical Properties/Structures: Name | Formula | Molecular Weight (g/mol) | Boiling Point (0C) | Melting Point(0C) | Density(g/mL)
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