ALI = How does acute kidney disease progress to chronic? Discuss renal ischemia‚ nephrotoxins‚ and various modifiable factors such as unmanaged diabetes‚ preeclampsia‚ obesity‚ cardiovascular disease‚ hypertension and kidney trauma. So‚ again‚ you basically need to say how acute kidney disease becomes chronic. Most of the evidence I have found suggests that is because of uncontrolled BP‚ nephrotoxic medications‚ and renal ischaemia. Don’t include how you get acute or chronic kidney disease (eg. diet
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the brain. There are several factors that can cause an aortic aneurysm. Some of the main causes include atherosclerosis‚ smoking‚ hypertension‚ vacuities‚ cocaine use‚ genetic links‚ or a traumatic/previous aorta injury. There are not as many causes for a cerebral aneurysm. A couple of things that can cerebral aneurysms include: weakness in the artery wall‚ hypertension‚ and arteriosclerosis. Symptoms for aortic aneurysms and cerebral aneurysms also differ. Aortic aneurysms symptoms include: throbbing
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the third intercostal space near the sternum edge‚ a third degree systolic murmur above the lower sternum‚ and a blood pressure of 80/60 mmHg. The electrocardiogram showed signs of right ventricular overload. The patient was known with arterial hypertension form 2009‚ had an episode of atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis of the right calf in 2005 and had a hip replacement
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IIA. FIRST LEVEL ASSESSMENT: HEALTH POTENTIALS | HEALTH PROBLEMS | WELLNESS CONDITIONS:1. Correct and healthful nutritional or eating habitsCues: * Adequate food intake of all family members both in quantity and quality * Family’s diet is more on vegetable and poultry rather than junk foods or red meat. * Eats 3 times a day2. Absence of stress provoking factorsCues: * Smooth interpersonal relationship between and among family members‚ occasional conflicts occur but is immediately resolved
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drug they felt penis erection‚ which directed to the common use of sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Moreover‚ Sildenafil is additionally approved for treatment of portal hypertension. Accordingly‚ a possible drug for anti-angina had been used in erectile dysfunction as well as portal hypertension; this is what’s called “Drug repurposing”‚ which
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In pregnancy‚ the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role for the equilibrium of salt and water in mother and child. All components of the RAAS are altered during pregnancy (1‚ 2). Renin concentrations are elevated due to extra-renal secretion in decidua and ovaries through estrogen stimulation (2). An increase in angiotensinogen production in the liver is observed in pregnant women. By contrast‚ the angiotensin-converting enzyme is reduced. These changes result in an
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htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011) Ferguson‚ L.‚ R. (2010) Meat and Cancer‚ Journal of Meat Science‚ page 308 – 313‚ doi: 10.1015/j.meatsci.2009.06.032. Hajjar‚ I.‚ Kotchen‚ J. M.‚ & Kotchen‚ T. A. (2006‚ January 1). Hypertension: Trends in prevalence‚ incidence‚ and control Hodges‚ B. C.‚ & Videto‚ D. M. (2011). Assessment and planning in health programs (2nd ed. ed.) Sudbury‚ MA: Jones & Bartlett Institute of Medicine (IOM)(2004) Dietary reference intakes for water
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arterial elasticity and an increased propensity for morbidity and mortality due to the impairment of the cardiovascular system’s hemodynamics. Implicated in this impairment as a direct consequence of the calcification are aortic stenosis (narrowing)‚ hypertension (high blood pressure)‚ congestive heart failure‚ cardiac hypertrophy (enlarged heart)‚ myocardial ischemia‚ and general compromised structural integrity of the heart. Arterial calcification consists mainly of apatite calcium salt precipitates
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1. How does the heart change as it develops in a fetus? At first‚ the heart is just a tube. It grows so fast that it needs more space‚ so it bends and twists back‚ forming the familiar shape. During the next phase‚ the two atria are partly separate but there is just one big ventricle. The next phase begins when the two atria are completely separate and the ventricles are just beginning to separate. Finally‚ the ventricles separate completely and the heart is developed. 2. What is the largest vessel
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toxic to the kidney Pathophysiology Prerenal Hypoperfusion (decreased blood volume and cardiac output‚ vascular resistance) and ischemia lead to ARF Intrarenal Direct damage to functional kidney tissue Ex. Glomerulonephritis‚ vasculitis‚ hypertension Postrenal Urinary tract obstruction with resulting kidney damage is the cause Acute tubular failure Destruction of tubular epithelial cells causes decreased renal function Ischemia and nephrotoxins are the cause of acute tubular failure
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