Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy is a micro-analytical method that showed many advantages in analysis of cultural heritage materials. It is a form of vibrational spectroscopy that allows the identification of particles in homogeneous materials in the micron order. The identification is employed on the basis of the molecular vibrational spectra of samples‚ obtained by excitation with visible laser light. In micro-Raman spectroscopy‚ the laser beam is focused by means of a microscope
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CARBON EMISSIONS OVER A YEAR AND PRATICAL REDUCTION METHODS Michael Pratt‚ Brandon Brown 1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta‚ GA 30332 ABSTRACT The average American citizen consumes energy over the course of a year which contributes to mankind’s total carbon emissions. Given current studies on the effects of Global Warming and carbon emissions‚ it is beneficial to analyze ways to reduce energy usage‚ and thus carbon emissions. The
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Percent of emissions from Food 12% Percent of emissions from Shelter 8% Percent of emissions from Mobility 4% Percent of emissions from Goods 36% Percent of emissions from Services 41% TABLE B. Household Emissions Household Emissions Results (Answers can be found in bar graphs following completion of calculator) What are your current household emissions? 507‚292 What are the U.S. average household emissions? 62‚250 What was your reduced emissions? 83‚716 Household Emissions Savings
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Absorption Spectroscopy Author: Cesar M. Lemas Lab Partners: Jahnnan Jayesh Patel‚ Myong Ho Lee & Salem Alsaif Instructor: Jordan Andrew Mudery Chem 151‚ Section 7D Date Work Performed: October 18th 2012 Date Report submitted: October 25th 2012 Abstract Absorption spectroscopy is a practical way to find what the light absorption of a substance is‚ and whit this data combining the Beer’s law equation you can determine the concentration of different things in a solution‚ in
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Two spectra are produced: emission and excitation. Excitation is similar to absorption‚ where emission records the intensity of the radiation emitted by the species as it relates to wavelength. Fluorescence is highly sensitive method and can be used in many industries‚ including food analysis‚ pharmacy‚ and natural products. In order to fluoresce‚ molecules must be rigid‚ and unable to rotate so that the energy cannot be dissipated by any mechanism except light emission. The orbitals of a species
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Carbon Emissions and Global Warming Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere every time we burn fossil fuels such as gas‚ coal or oil. In a natural carbon cycle‚ carbon dioxide is re-absorbed by plants and trees. However‚ the rate in which we are burning fuels is way too fast for trees and plants to absorb and convert into breathable air. In addition to that‚ many rainforests have been lost because of the cutting down of trees‚ which doesn’t help in the already existing problem. The effect
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need for controlling emissions. The mechanism was formalized in the Kyoto Protocol‚ an international agreement between more than 170 countries. The Protocol agreed has fixed quotas on the maximum amount of Greenhouse gases which can be emitted by the developed and developing countries. In turn these countries set quotas on the emissions of installations run by local business and other organizations. Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of industrial greenhouse gas emissions‚ especially for power
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small atoms that can easily slip past each other. 350 BC Aristotle did not believe in the atomic theory and he taught so otherwise. He thought that all materials on Earth were not made of atoms‚ but of the four elements‚ Earth‚ Fire‚ Water‚ and Air. He believed all substances were made of small amounts of these four elements of matter. He did not conduct experiments or use scientific method for atomic theory. . 1800 AD It was John Dalton who determined that each chemical element is composed
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1.1 The atoms‚ during bond formation‚ may lose or gain electrons (valence electrons) in order to achieve a stable state‚ or technically speaking‚ a stable electron configuration. Usually metal atoms lose electrons and non-metals gain electrons in order to achieve electron stability. When dealing with bond formation (Ionic bonding for example) we need to analyse the outer shell of the atom. Metals usually present 1‚ 2 or 3 electrons in their outer shell therefore they have to give them away to achieve
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of six individuals that survived the atomic bomb of 1945. Without this book one could not truly determine if what we did to the Japanese was justified or not. We can also look at the way the journalism shapes our out look on things. This is why we always need to look at all the facts before we truly make up our mind on a subject. The book Hiroshima was a great story that was told through a third party perspective in order to explain the horrors of the atomic bomb. A few of the individuals duplicated
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