Estimation of the Activation Energy for the Iodination of Acetone Through the Effect of Temperature on the Rate Constant Joel Costa‚ Alex Fuentes‚ Michael Chea‚ Rex Nwerem Dr. Morgan Ferguson July 9‚ 2013 ABSTRACT | It is often important to determine the rate at which a chemical reaction takes place‚ i.e.‚ how fast it yields the desired products. Temperature is one of the factors that influence the rate of reactions and it does so by providing energy to reactant particles so that a larger
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determine the rate constants‚ k1‚ for the methyl acetate hydrolysis reaction at 25 °C and 35 °C‚ as well as the overall activation energy of the reaction. Methods Methyl acetate was placed in an HCl solution‚ in which it reacts with water to form acetic acid over time. At each time interval‚ an aliquot of the mixture was removed for titration against NaOH to determine the concentration of the acetic acid produced. From the amount of acetic acid produced overtime‚ the rate constant‚ k1‚ can be determined
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ionized = strong acid‚ ex: HCl SUMMARY p 531 p 532 practice # 1‚ 2‚ 3. The Autoionization of Water - 2 molecules may collide and one molecule accepts a proton from the other – see p 532 - equilibrium of the reversible reaction – can write the constant - Kw = [H +] [OH –1 ] = (1.0 x 10 –7 )2 = 1.0 x 10 –14 - Kw changes at different temp ( remember concept from ch 7 ) - so pH of pure water changes with diff temp - but pure water always neutral since # protons = # hydroxide ions Strong
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|Acid and Base Ionization Constants | | | |Acid Ionization Constant (Ka) - the equilibrium constant for a weak acid. | |Acid Ionization Constants
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tool for the study of reaction kinetics (in slow reactions). 3. CONCENTRATION DEPENDENCE OF REACTION RATES Normally experimental data of kinetic investigations are records of concentrations of reactants and/or products as a function of time for constant temperatures (taken at various temperatures). Theoretical expressions for reaction rates (involving concentration changes) are differential equations of the general form: 1‚cndc + f cm 2‚co... 3 dt 3 LN–8 where (c) are concentration terms
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phenolphthalein? Introduction Diffusion is a process where the molecules intermingle as a result of their kinetic energy of random motion and is the net movement of like molecules down their concentration gradient‚ which is the energy inherent in their constant molecular motion makes them collide and careen outward from the region of higher to lower concentration. In our daily lives‚ many tasks are accomplished with the help of diffusion. For example‚ farting is considered to be diffusion‚ releasing
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reducing and oxidizing agent. Chapter 14 Dynamic Equilibrium and equilibrium constant‚ expressing Equilibrium constant for chemical reactions Large and Small equilibrium constant Relationship between Kc and Kp Heterogeneous equilibria and Kc or Kp expressions for heterogeneous reactions. Reaction quotient Problems: Finding equilibrium constant if concentrations are known‚ finding equilibrium concentrations if constant is known (ICE table)‚ approximation in solution if K is relatively small and initial
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Using the Iodine clock method to find the order of a reaction Introduction When peroxodisulfate (VI) ions and iodide ions react together in solution they form sulfate (VI) ions and iodide. This reaction is shown below: S2O82-aq+ 2I-aq SO42-aq+ I2(aq) The reactants and the sulfate (VI) ions are colourless however the Iodine is a yellow/brown colour. This allows you to measure the progress of the reaction through the colour change when the iodine is produced. In order to determine the order of
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Ka‚ Acid Dissociation Constant and Kb‚ Base Dissociation Constant (Lesson Recap) Ka‚ Acid Dissociation Constant Ka- is the Keq for the dissociation for a weak acid. e.g Acetic Acid‚ when dissolved in H2O CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l) (ACID) (BASE) CH3COO (aq) + H3O(l) (CONJ BASE) (CONJ ACID) CH3COOH (aq) + H2O(l) ↔ CH3COO (aq) + H3O(l) *ONLY weak acid and back can be reversible Equation for Ka : Keq= [CH3COO(aq)] [H3O(l)][CH3COOH(aq)] [H2O(l)] Keq x [H2O
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Acid-Base Calculations The Ion-Product Constant for Water‚ Kw Water undergoes ionization to a small extent: H20(l) H+(aq) + OH–(aq) The equilibrium constant for the reaction is the ion-product constant for water Kw: (1) This is a key equation in acid-base chemistry. Note that the product of [H+] and [OH–] is a constant at a given temperature (Eq(1) value is for 25oC). Thus as the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution increases‚ the hydroxide ion concentration decreases
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