MARGINAL COSTING Introduction Even a school-going student knows that profit is a balancing figure of sales over costs‚ i.e. Sales - Cost = Profit. This knowledge is not sufficient for management for discharging the functions of planning and control‚ etc. The cost is further divided according to its behavior‚ i.e.‚ fixed cost and variable cost. The age-old equation can be written as: Sales - Cost = Profit or Sales - (Fixed cost + Variable Cost) = Profit. The relevance of segregating costs
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TATA MOTORS PROJECT REPORT ON • Training Need Identification & Calendar Finalization of White Collars • Training Effectiveness & Analysis • Preparation of Training Almanac & Its Release SUBMITTED TO- Ms APOORVA KAPOOR MANAGER HUMAN RESOURCE LUCKNOW PREPARED BY- AKANSHA MEHROTRA PGP (08-10) IILM INSTITUTE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT “A novice cannot do a great task. A great many number
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of firm’s wealth is the utmost motive of any manager. In order to achieve this‚ calculation and control of cost of the product is necessary. Even‚ to survive in todays very competitive market cost controlling measures are very necessary. Cost of a product means the cost incurred on different elements such as material‚ labour and expenses. These elements may be related to the product either directly or indirectly. Based on utility‚ the classification of costs can be direct and indirect costs; controllable
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Absorption costing: * It is costing system which treats all manufacturing costs including both the fixed and variable costs as product costs * In absorption costing‚ all costs are absorbed into production and thus operating statements do not distinguish between fixed and variable costs. * Absorption costing is a process of tracing the variable costs of production and the fixed costs of production to the product. Absorption costing is used to cost products and to report financial
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Article 32 TARGET COSTING FOR NEW-PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: PRODUCTLEVEL TARGET COSTING Robin Cooper and Regine Slagmulder Editors’ Note: This article is an updated synthesis of in-depth explorations contained in Target Costing and Value Engineering‚ by Robin Cooper and Regine Slagmulder (Portland‚ Oregon: Productivity Press‚ 1997). Part two of the series discusses product-level target costing; part three‚ to be featured in an upcoming issue‚ will address component-level target costing. tomers. Consequently
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Differential Costing Introduction Costs are an important feature of many business decisions. In making decisions‚ it is essential to have a firm grasp of the concepts differential cost. Decisions involve choosing between alternatives. In business decisions‚ each alternative will have costs and benefits that must be compared to the costs and benefits of the other available alternatives. A difference in costs between any two alternatives is known as a differential cost. A difference in revenues
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Decision Analysis Page 1 of 4 Decision Analysis Donna L. Christian‚ Strayer University Winter Quarter (MAT 540) Instructor: Mune Lokesh March 11‚ 2012 Decision Analysis Page 2 of 4 In business today‚ many decision-making situations occur under conditions of uncertainty. The demand for a product can be one number this week and double that number next week or vice versa. There are several decision-making techniques to aid the decision maker in dealing with these types of uncertainties
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Understand Health and Safety in Social Care Settings Assignment 208 Task Av and Avi Responsibilities of the Social Care Worker Before you can administer any medication you should be trained in the Administration of Medication There should be designated staff responsible for ordering‚ receiving etc All medication should be handled and stored securely Audit and recording responsibilities Staff who have not had training has limitations and should be supervised by trained staff Obtaining Medication
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[pic] Learning Objectives: ← To understand the meaning of standard costing‚ its meaning and definition ← To learn its advantages and limitations ← To learn how to set of standards and determinations ← To learn how to revise standards Introduction: Standard costing is a very practical and therefore widely used costing system‚ in businesses that make a range of products which‚ although different‚ pass through standard and repetitive processes and machinery. Standard cost is the
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have evaluated the different proposals and come up with one project that we recommend. In doing this‚ we have calculated the change in profits compared with the draft budget and compiled the Break-even charts to justify our recommendation. Marginal Costing Profit Statement of the draft budget £(000) £ (000) Sales 1000 Less Cost of sales: Direct Materials 320 Direct wages 200 Variable factory overheads 100 (620) Contribution 380 Less Fixed Costs:
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