* Standard Costing Introduction Cost figures‚ in general‚ can be divided into two broad categories. They are Historical Costs and Standard Costs. Historical costs are available‚ after they are incurred. Such cost figures may have some value‚ once they are analysed. By analysis‚ the inefficiencies and deficiencies in production may be detected. However‚ the damage would have occurred‚ by the time the analysis under Historical costs is made. Analysis can be done only after the completion of the
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Accounting Review 79: 519-539. Dye‚ R. A. 2002. Classifications manipulation and Nash accounting standards. Journal of Accounting Research 40 (4): 1125-62. Erickson‚ M.‚ M. Hanlon‚ and E. L. Maydew. 2006. Is there a link between executive equity incentives and accounting fraud? Journal of Accounting Research 44: 113-144. Ewert‚ R. and A. Wagenhofer. 2005. Economic effects of tightening accounting standards to restrict earnings management Frederick‚ S.‚ G. Loewenstein‚ and J. O’Donoghue. 2002. Time discounting
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STANDARD COSTING (VARIANCES) 1.1 Material costs variance = (Standard quantity x Standard Price) – (Actual quantity x Actual price) MCV = (SQ × SP) – (AQ × AP) 1.2 Material price variance = Actual quantity × (Standard price – Actual price) MPV = AQ × (SP – AP) 1.3 Material usage variance = Standard price (Standard quantity – Actual quantity) MUV = SP × (SQ –AQ) 1.4 Material cost variance = Material usage variance + Material price variance MCV = MUV + MPV 1. Material Variance Material usage
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Compare and contrast job order costing to process costing methods. Comparison: These systems are to determine the manufacturing costs of products. Both costing systems combine direct materials‚ direct labor and overhead which is indirect costs or could be considered a direct cost in the process costing method nonetheless both systems use this in the process of producing products. The manufacturing accountants assign cost objectives to raw materials inventory‚ work in process inventory and finished
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Content 1. Introduction 4 2. Part Ⅰ--Standard Costing System and Variance Analysis 5 2.1. Definition 5 2.2. Scenarios of Standard Costing System and Variance Analysis 5 2.2.1 Scenario Ⅰ Manufacturing Companies—Auto-making Firms 6 2.2.2 Scenario Ⅱ Service Industries—Banks 7 2.2.3 Scenario Ⅲ Other Industries That Have not Repetitve Processes—AdvertisingFirms 8 2.3. Standard Costing System on Different SIzes 9 2.4. Variance Analysis 9 2.4.1 Total Production Cost Variance 9 2.4.2
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In this document I am going to explain the definition of cost and the difference between absorption costing vs. variable costing‚ and also if overproducing is an ethical practice or not. Also I will be showing some calculations and data to explain a get a better idea of this entire situation and how we can resolve some problems in management accountant. Cost is the monetary value of goods and services expended to obtain current or future benefits. The way that a cost will be used defines the way
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clearly and concisely stating the purpose of the estimate being prepared (i.e. cost study‚ project options‚ funding‚ etc.)‚ the project scope‚ pricing basis‚ allowances‚ assumptions‚ exclusions‚ cost risks and opportunities‚ and any deviations from standard practices. In addition the BOE is a documented record of pertinent communications that have occurred and agreements that have been made between the estimator and other project stakeholders. A well prepared basis of estimate will: • • • • • • • •
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Defining‚ Modeling & Costing IT Services Integrating Service Level‚ Configuration & Financial Management Processes In our cost driven economy IT is facing increasing pressure to account for and reduce cost wherever possible. The old axiom “You must do more with less” has never had such an impact on IT operations and support as it does today. Thousands of IT managers are being placed in a situation which forces them to defend their staffing levels against both internal as well as external threats
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current product costing system requires a lot of research and pre-planning. In order to determine the most effective product costing system management must decide which costs should be included in the product costs‚ at what level will direct costs be tracked‚ how indirect costs will be structured‚ and when to capture the indirect costs. Once all the costs have been identified and organized into fixed‚ variable‚ or overhead categories‚ management must then decide which product costing system would provide
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1.0 Life cycle costing (LCC) 1.1 Definition Life cycle costing is a cost management approach which includes all costs and ensures that all those costs are managed over the life cycle of the product. Product life cycle begins from conception of the product until its abandonment which can be referred as ‘from cradle to grave‘. Product life cycle has four stages: 1) Product planning and initial concept design It involves process of identifying any underlying conditions‚ assumption‚ limitations and
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