1. Stress Theory Cognitive-relational theory defines stress as a particular relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her well-being (Lazarus & Folkman‚ 1984b‚ p. 19). Appraisals are determined simultaneously by perceiving environmental demands and personal resources. They can change over time due to coping effectiveness‚ altered requirements‚ or improvements in personal abilities. The
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Behavioral Learning theories Applied Education is quite the central focus in our current society. As the economy advances‚ education becomes of greater importance and our student’s future is strongly dependent on their educational opportunities. As many theorists have proven‚ there is no one way of teaching that targets an entire audience. Instead‚ every child has their own unique learning style that they respond best to. Any educator that takes on the responsibility of teaching must familiarize
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The definition of observational learning is learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others. This is a form of social learning which takes various forms. A great example would be a child might learn to use profanity‚ hit‚ drink‚ and find other inappropriate behavior that is acceptable through poor modeling. Models are parents‚ coaches‚ and teachers that are held in higher regard to the observer. Observational learning is a big part of culture‚ sports‚ and our everyday lives. It is
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The Cognitive Association Theory discusses drug addiction through others‚ individuals value‚ attitudes‚ and motives for criminal behavior. The addiction of the drug is used by withdrawal of distress‚ but without the absence of withdrawal‚ then one does not become addicted. The addiction is quick and permanent‚ especially if one uses other drugs. Some have solid concrete evidence support for this theory. Thio‚ Taylor‚ and Schwartz‚ state‚ “among patients who have been given morphine to kill their
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Social Learning Theory: Key Figures: Montgomery‚ Rotter and Bandura Key Concepts: Individuals learn through observing others’ behavior‚ attitudes‚ and effects of those behaviors. Explanation of Disorder Personality: overly aggressive individuals (i.e. serial killers) Validity: When individuals observe others engaging in certain behaviors‚ it does not necessarily mean that they are learning that behavior. People need a good reason to want to learn behaviors through observation. Comprehensiveness:
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Experiential Learning Theory Introduction The experiential learning theory model is used to understand the process of how adults learn‚ grow and develop. The theory is called experiential is because of its intellectual origins from the works of Dewey’s philosophical pragmatism‚ Lewin’s social psychology‚ and Piaget’s cognitive development genetic epistemology form a unique perspective on learning and development (Kolb‚ 1984). Experiential learning is “the process whereby
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Social Learning Although there are many behaviors that we as humans (and animals as well) learn directly‚ there are also behaviors that we learn from each other. This is called the Social Learning Theory or Social-Learning Approach. With the aid of Albert Bandura‚ social learning possesses three core concepts to further explain its general idea‚ including learning through observation‚ how mental states affect learning‚ and how learning does not mean a change in behavior (Cherry). The Social Learning
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Major Learning Theories Objectives To consider some of the major theories that try to account for how learning occurs To think about the implications of these ideas for our work as teachers References Pritchard‚ A. (2014) Ways of learning: Learning theories and learning styles in the classroom (3rdedn). Abingdon:Routledge Pollard‚ A. et al. (2014) Reflective Teaching in Schools (4th edn). London:Bloomsbury Pound‚ L. (2005) How children learn: from Montessori to Vygotsky – educational
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Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory/ Attachment Theory Assume that Piaget’s theory of children’s cognitive development during sensorimotor period in tertiary circular reaction at 1 year of age is correct. Explain why it would be fruitless to tell a child not to worry‚ your mother just went downstairs to the laundry room‚ she’ll be back in a minute. Relate this circumstance using the attachment theory. According to Bowlby‚ when threatened‚ humans‚ like other primate groups‚ probably cooperated
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Rebecca Sullivan Evaluate theories of cognitive development and learning There are a range of psychological approaches linked to the study of education. The development of cognitive theories and behaviourist theories are used to evaluate and explain the learning process and how these can be linked to education. Piaget’s (1952) theory of cognitive development‚ suggests that children think in different ways to adults‚ due to cognitive development and the stages individuals develop at. Piaget (1952)
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