The contingency approach to management emerged from the real life experience of managers who found that no single approach worked consistently in every situation. The basic idea of this approach is that number management technique or theory is appropriate in all situations. The main determinants of a contingency are related to the external and internal environment of an organisation. The process‚ quantitative‚ behavioural‚ and systems approaches to management did not integrate the environment. The
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Criterion C: Distinguished Teaching: Focus on Students and Environment In order to analyze student development‚ keep my instruction challenging and on target with student needs‚ I use several different tools. One assessment I use three times every year to determine each student’s reading ability. This test evaluates their reading in a number of skill areas and allows me to chart growth over the course of the school year. At the end of the year‚ I share results with their next reading teacher
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Cognitive approach The cognitive approach focuses on the way information is processed by humans. It looks at how we as individuals treat information and how it leads to responses. Cognitive psychologists study internal processes such as attention‚ language‚ memory‚ thinking and perception. The main assumption of this approach is that in when information is received it is then processed by the brain and this processing directs how we as individuals behave or justify why we behave the way we
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The Communicative Approach was founded by Robert Langs.. Psychoanalysis has turned reality on its head: We are taught to think of ourselves as distorters and misperceivers‚ unreliable slaves to our inner fantasies - especially when we are patients in therapy. But the communicative approach has shown that it is more accurate and compelling to see ourselves as highly reliable perceivers‚ with the understanding that our most valid perceptions are experienced unconsciously and encoded in the stories
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Psychology Task 1 The psychodynamic approach includes all the theories in psychology that see human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person‚ particularly unconscious‚ and between the different structures of the personality. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) developed a collection of theories which have formed the basis of the psychodynamic approach to psychology. On the other hand behaviourism refers to a psychological approach which places emphasis on scientific as
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Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers agreed with the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs‚ biological and humanistic approach. “The hierarchy of needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation‚ management training‚ and personal development” (Orana‚ 2009). Maslow’s book Personality and Motivation were published in 1954 introducing his theory of the hierarchy of needs. Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) the hierarchy of needs was introduced
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There are various characteristics and styles of leadership; the emphasis of the style approach is the focus on the actions and behavioral characteristics of the leader. There are two behaviors of the style approach that researchers have observed‚ task behaviors and relationship behaviors (Northouse‚ 2013). People who are in roles of leadership should acquire both behaviors to be successful in their position and maintain motivation and the quest for achievement in their subordinates. Task behaviors
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Theories of teaching and learning and how they impact on the classroom environment Education plays a significant role in supporting and influencing the healthy development of children. However‚ teaching is more than just knowing what to teach. Professional teachers must also understand how to teach their students. Therefore‚ in order to create an effective classroom environment which caters for the diversity of students and their various developmental levels and abilities‚ teachers are urged to
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Systems approach is consisted of two types of system‚ the closed and open systems. Closed systems have relatively little interaction with the environment. (Heil 2015) The Closed-system approach conceives the organization as a system of mechanical‚ technology‚ equipment and materials; that tends to exclude competitors‚ suppliers‚ distributors and government regulators. The Closed system approach allows the managers to analyze problems by examining the internal structure of the organization with little
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(2010)‚ believes that having a right based policy approach will support all children and young people across wales to achieve health and well-being. An important element in effectively promoting well-being is to promote resilience of all children and young people to enable them to deal with adverse events and difficult circumstances and be able to identify the children that are at a greater risk of developing physiological problems
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