Experiment 4: Enzyme Kinetics. Results/Discussion Week 1 Part A: Table 1. Enzyme activity for each assay of 4-nitroaniline formation. Rate of 4-nitroaniline formation Name of trial Abs/sec Abs/min M/min mol/min µmol/min #1 0.00003 0.0018 2.05x10-7 2.15 x10-10 2.15 x10-4 # 2 0.00010 0.0060 6.81x10-7 7.15x10-10 7.15x10-4 # 3 0.00020 0.0120 1.36x10-6 1.43x10-9 1.43x10-3 # 4 0.00030 0.0180 2.00x10-6 2.10x10-9 2.10x10-3
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Enzymes All enzymes are globular proteins and round in shape They have the suffix "-ase" Intracellular enzymes are found inside the cell Extracellular enzymes act outside the cell (e.g. digestive enzymes) Enzymes are catalysts → speed up chemical reactions Reduce activation energy required to start a reaction between molecules Substrates (reactants) are converted into products Reaction may not take place in absence of enzymes (each enzyme has a specific catalytic action) Enzymes catalyse
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Enzyme Activity Lab Hypothesis: 1] Are enzymes reusable? Yes‚ enzymes are reusable. 2] Which of the following do you think contain catalase? [Manganese dioxide‚ chicken meat‚ apple‚ carrot‚ potato‚ or chicken liver] I think that the manganese dioxide‚ apple‚ and carrot contain the catalase. 3] Would grinding the materials affect enzyme activity? I think that grinding the materials will increase enzyme activity. 4] Would temperature affect enzyme activity? I think that
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Effect of the Changes in the Environment to the Functionality of the Enzymes Introduction a. Background In our everyday lives‚ enzymes are used in our bodies‚ and in nature around us‚ to speed up the chemical reactions happening constantly‚ which happens by lowering the amount of activation energy needed to start various reactions. The way this works is by attaching the particular substrate to the active site of the enzyme‚ where it will start to aid the chemical reaction. Then‚ the allosteric
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caused when cells take up foreign genetic material. Avery’s Experiments In 1944‚ a series of experiments showed that the activity of the material responsible for transformation is not affected by protein-destroying enzymes. The activity is stopped‚ however‚ by a DNA-destroying enzyme. Thus‚ almost 100 years after Mendel’s experiments‚ Oswald Avery and his co-workers demonstrated that DNA is the material responsible for transformation. Viral Genes and DNA In 1952‚ Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
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Biology textbook- pg. 80 3) Distinguish between the autotrophic and heterotrophic nature of plants and animals. Animals have heterotrophic cells; hence‚ they live off nutrients of other species by eating. Most plants have autotrophic cells‚ which allow them to generate their own food with photosynthesis. 4) Explain the following statement: ‘All living things depend on plants’. As animals are heterotrophs‚ they need to eat other species to survive. If mammals only depended on other mammals‚ there
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Biology - Main Questions And Answers: Complete the table with a tick if the statement in the first column is true‚ for each process. Write a simple equation to show how ATP is synthesised from ADP: ADP + Pi ATP Give two ways in which the properties of ATP make it a suitable source of energy in biological processes: 1. Energy released in small/suitable amounts 2. Soluble 3. Involves a single/simple reaction Humans synthesise more than their body mass of ATP each day.
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TASK 4: Explain the structure of the ileum and the ultrastructure of the epithelium in relation to its secretory and absorptive functions. (a) Explain the characteristics of enzymes. (b) Explain the lock and key theory of enzyme action. (c) Locate and explain the role of important digestive enzymes. TASK 5: Enzymes are involved in anabolic and catabolic reactions: a) Define the terms anabolic and catabolic reactions b) Give 3 examples of anabolic and 3 examples of catabolic reactions
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AP Biology Study Guide Chapter 11 1. Categorize chemical signals in terms of the proximity of the communicating cells. Local signaling – a. Paracrine signaling – a secreting cell acts on nearby target cells by discharging molecules of a local regulator (a growth factor‚ for example) into the extracellular fluid. b. Synaptic signaling – a nerve cell releases neurotransmitter molecules into a synapse‚ stimulating the target cell. Long distance signaling- c. Hormonal signaling – specialized
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Molecular Biology Lab Report Mapping DNA using Restriction Enzymes Ava II and Pvu II to cut Bacterial DNA Abstract The objective of this project is to map bacterial DNA‚ which is derived from E. coli‚ using restriction endonucleases with gel electrophoresis. The DNA fragments‚ after cutting has occurred‚ are separated using agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA fragments are placed in the gel‚ and an electric current is run through the matrix of the gel-like agarose. Migration of the fragments
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