2011) The essay draws upon the thoughts‚ ideas and conclusions of the Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE 2003) and Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early Years (REPEY 2002) documents and those of significant theorists including Bowlby‚ Bruner and Vygotsky and alternative educational approaches such as High-scope borne from the USA and Te Whariki from New Zealand. Additionally it reflects on the authors personal experiences of working as a practitioner in different early years settings
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FRQ Practice #2 AP Psychology 2013-2014 1. In response to declining reading scores in local schools‚ John wrote an editorial suggesting that schools need to increase interest in reading books by providing students with incentives. Based on research showing a relation between use of incentives and student reading‚ he recommended providing a free Starbucks gift card for every ten books a student reads. A. Explain how each of the following psychological concepts could be used to refute John’s
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The security of attachment in one- to two-year-olds was investigated by Ainsworth and Bell (1970) in the ’strange situation’ study‚ in order to determine the nature of attachment behaviors and styles of attachment. Ainsworth (1970) developed an experimental procedure in order to observe the variety of attachment forms exhibited between mothers and infants. The experiment is set up in a small room with one way glass so the behavior of the infant can be observed. Infants were aged between 49-51 weeks
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attachment occurs naturally as a result of innate urges on the part of their baby and their carer during a critical period (Bowlby). In support of this‚ Lorenz carried out an experiment on geese that had just hatched and been removed from their mothers‚ only for them to see humans and sure enough they imprinted the scientist instead of their mothers. Similarly‚ this lead Bowlby to hypothesize that both human infants and mothers has evolved an innate need made in an optimal time which propelled them
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All children develop but this is at different levels. In this section I am going to look at and discuss how four to five year olds develop physically and the language and communication development of four to five year olds. And then in the next section look at the same developments but for older children 8-16 years old. Physical development relates to physical movements. Becoming independent is closely linked to physical development. Communication and language development relates to the ability to
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living when one experiences death. This connection or attachment with others seems to enhance one’s ability to cope with grief as one tries to make some sense of the situation. The goal of this attachment according Bowlby is to maintain an affectional bond with another person. (Bowlby‚ 1980). Anything or anyone who interrupts this bond throws the system out of balance. If death is the factor to upset the “homeostasis” of the relationship then the grieving person needs to connect with another significant
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interaction with peers on relationships as an adult. Bowlby proposed the internal working model to explain the influence of childhood on adult relationships. He suggested that the type and quality of relationship that a child has with their primary caregiver forms an internal working model. The internal working model forms a schema of what a relationship is‚ emotional experiences to expect and how reliable/available the attachment figure is. Bowlby suggested the internal working model acts as a template
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much mother love. Wants babies to be cared for by many different people * John Bowlby: "no such thing as too much motherly love" | | | What did Lorenz demonstrate? Every species had a biolgically preprogrammed attachment response that appeared at a specific point soon after birth. | | | What was Harlow’s monkey study‚ and what did it show about attachment? | | | On what grounds did Bowlby make his case for the crucial importance of attachment? | | | | | | |
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The main characteristic of the concept of place attachment‚ (Ainsworth & Bell‚ 1970) “the propensity of human beings to seek out the place in which they feel comfortable and secure”‚ the effective bond that people have with the place they habituate has rarely been explicitly emphasized (Hidalgo). However‚ as Riley noted: “the affective attachments to ideas‚ people‚ psychological states‚ past experiences‚ and culture” are the crucial element of the concept. “And it is through the vehicle of particular
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The Effects of Day Care on Children’s Emotional‚ Cognitive‚ and Social Development by Gina Lalli There have been many concerns in the past decades as to whether attending daycare during infancy produces negative or positive effects on the development of children (Belsky and Steinberg 1978‚ Booth et al. 2002‚ Egeland and Hiester 1995‚ Farran and Ramey 1977‚ Field 1991‚ Lamb 1996‚ Peisner-Feinberg et al. 2001‚ Schwartz 1983). Many of these concerns are influenced by the fear that separating infant
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