Questions and Answers for Chapter 4

Infancy: Socioemotional Development

I. | Attachment: The Basic Life Bond | |  | Define attachment. bond between caregiver and child (or 2 people) | |  | What time period categorizes toddlerhood? (1-2 yrs. old) | |  | Contrast Watson’s and Bowlby’s views on attachment * John Watson: warned about the danger of too much mother love. Wants babies to be cared for by many different people * John Bowlby: "no such thing as too much motherly love" | |  | What did Lorenz demonstrate? Every species had a biolgically preprogrammed attachment response that appeared at a specific point soon after birth. | |  | What was Harlow’s monkey study, and what did it show about attachment? | |  | On what grounds did Bowlby make his case for the crucial importance of attachment? | | | | | | | |  | What is proximity-seeking behavior? acting to maintain physical contact or to be close to an attachment figure | |  | What is the preattachment phase? | |  | When does a baby’s first social smile generally occur? in preattachment phase (2mos) | |  | What does Bowlby mean by attachment in the making? when infants show a slight preference for their primary caregiver | |  | What is clear-cut (or focused) attachment? 7/8 mos. through toddlerhood: baby the need to have a caregiver physically close | |  | What does separation anxiety signal? clear-cut attachemt phase | |  | When do children develop separation anxiety? clear-cut attachemt phase | |  | Describe an example of social referencing. baby look for cues to behave from caregiver, comes in conjunction with crawling and clear-cut attachment | |  | What is Bowlby’s mental representation of a caregiver called? Working model | |  | What purpose does it serve? helps baby to cope with being separated from the caregiver | |  | Describe Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation. see outline | |  | What are the