November 15‚ 2007 Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol and sodium bromide. In order for this reaction to reach completion there are four major operations that need to be performed. The four major operations include refluxing‚ simple distillation‚ separation‚ and drying. To begin‚ in order for the compounds to react they will be dissolved in water and sulfuric acid will be added. The addition of sulfuric acid will
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and sodium iodide/acetone test. The observations when the product was subjected to these tests were similar to what were observed with the 2° bromide compound. When subjected to the silver nitrate test‚ the product produced a precipitate at the same rate of the 2° bromide compound‚ and the product produced a hue of yellow that was also similar to the 2° bromide compound. This observation matched the expectations that a 2-bromohexane would be the likely result of this experiment. However‚ some errors
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Experiment 1: Isolation of Casein from Milk * pH of milk – 6.6 * milk = 87.1% water‚ 4.9 % CHO 3.9 %‚ fats‚ 0.7% minerals Experiment 2: Protein Hydrolysis and Characterization | Reagents | Principle | Test for | Positive Result | Negative Result | Biuret | CuSO4‚ NaOH | Complexation of Cu+2 with amide N atoms | Polypeptide bonds | Violet/purple solution | Blue color solution | Sakaguchi | 10% NaOH‚ 0.02% α-naphtol solution‚ 2% NaOBr | arginine condenses with α-naphtol and NaOH
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intermolecular forces are van der walls & hydrogen bonds. • Ionization energy- E is required to remove an e- • Electronegivity- desire for electrons highest closer the the right • Highest ionization energy is helium • Potassium bromine the element bromine forms an anion • Alkali metals +earth metals conduct electricity • Covalent bonds form when 2 elements with high electroneg share a pair of electrons • Covalent compounds- 2 elements with high electroneg bond • In nature
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reflux and place in a cold-water bath. In addition to setting up the reflux apparatus‚ set up an inverted funnel gas trap. This will collect the hydrogen bromide gas in the water and not in our lungs when the reflux takes place. Pour 2.3 mL of benzene in the round bottom flask of the reflux apparatus. After this‚ pour the iron (III) bromide (FeBr3) into the same round bottom flask. If there is a vigorous initial reaction‚ wait until this has almost stopped and then heat the water bath to a temperature
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the water dissolved at the bottom layer. Tube number 2 (water and n-butyl bromide)‚ after adding few drops of water‚ the bottom layer form a droplet. This make sense because again‚ density of water is 1000 kg/m3 while density for n-butyl bromide is 1276 kg/m3 so n-butyl got to be at the bottom‚ and this result in the forming water droplet at the bottom layer. And tube number 3 (water and saturated aqueous sodium bromide)‚ this tube again the same as second tube‚ water is the top layer‚ NaBr is the
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1. How does the process of gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments? It uses an electric current to separate different-sized molecules in a porous‚ sponge-like matrix. 2. What is the purpose of the agarose gel? It is used to separate DNA molecules that range in different lengths. 3. What is the purpose of adding blue “tracking” dye to the DNA samples? The blue tracking dye is added to help load the samples easily and helps able to see the DNA moving through the gel. 4. Explain why DNA has
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Bromocyclohexane This reacted in 10 seconds because bromocyclohexane is secondary bromine‚ and has steric strain‚ since it is a cyclic compound. The bigger steric in a molecule‚ the harder it is for the nucleophile to attack the leaving group (-Br) from the opposite sides‚ therefore‚ SN2 reaction is slower than SN1 for bromocyclohexane Bromocyclopentane This reacted instantly because bromocyclopentane is secondary bromine‚ and have bigger steric strain than bromocyclohexane‚ since it is a cyclic compound
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Homework 1 (Ch. 1-2) 1. Make five qualitative and five quantitative observations about the room in which you now sit. a. Quantitative i. Have 1 desk ii. Have 2 monitors iii. Have 6 pillows on my bed iv. Dresser has 5 drawers v. Have 1 TV b. Qualitative i. Desk is steel and sturdy glass ii. Monitors are black and made manufactured by Dell iii. Pillows are filled with cotton or goose features iv. Dresser is made of a dark wood v. TV was purchased at Best Buy and was manufactured by Samsung 2. Describe
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variation of ozone results from the slow The ozone layer can be depleted by free radical catalysts‚ including nitric oxide (NO)‚ nitrous oxide (N2O)‚ hydroxyl (OH)‚ atomic chlorine (Cl)‚ and atomic bromine (Br). While there are natural sources for all of these species‚ the concentrations of chlorine and bromine have increased markedly in recent years due to the release of large quantities of man-made organohalogen compounds‚ especially chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and bromofluorocarbons.[4] These highly
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