Survey of the Sciences Unit 4: The Science of Fireworks 7-7-14/7-14-14 What is a firework? An explosive or combustible used for display. In the 19th century the introduction of new ingredients such as magnesium and aluminum greatly heightened the brilliance of such displays. There are two main classes of fireworks‚ force-and-spark and flame. In force and spark compositions‚ potassium nitrate‚ sulfur‚ and finely ground charcoal are used‚ with additional ingredients that produce various types
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IGSCE Chemistry Notes Oxides Oxides are used to determine whether an element is a metal or a non-metal. Most non-metals are classed as acidic oxides. While most metals are classed as basicoxides. Acidic Oxides * Reacts with water to form acids * Neutralises alkaline solution to form salt + water Basic Oxides * Neutralises acidic solutions to form salt + water Amphoeteric Oxides * These are non-metals which display both acidic and basic properties Alkaline Oxides * Reacts
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Objective: The purpose of the lab is to learn filtering techniques. Specifically‚ to form and filter a calcium carbonate precipitate using a Buchner funnel. Procedure: a.) Prepared a mixture of .5 M calcium nitrate (45 mL) and .01 M sodium carbonate by combining and stirring the two liquids in a beaker. Allow the mixture to stand. b.) Prepare the filtration assembly. The assembly consists of a tapered flask with a buchner funnel inserted in the top. The funnel has a rubber stopper attached
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catalyst which‚ in this case‚ was 85% phosphoric acid. Dehydration can be defined as any chemical reaction which involves the removal of a water molecule from a substance. During the experiment‚ anhydrous calcium chloride was provided as a drying agent to ensure that pure cyclohexene was obtained‚ calcium chloride works by binding itself to the water molecule thus removing it in the process. After the dehydrating process was completed‚ a few tests using Potassium Permanganate solution and Bromine which
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Nomenclature for Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds consist of cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions). The nomenclature‚ or naming‚ of ionic compounds is based on the names of the component ions. Here are the principal naming conventions for ionic compounds‚ along with examples to show how they are used: Roman NumeralsA Roman numeral in parentheses‚ followed by the name of the element‚ is used for elements that can form more than one positive ion. This is usually seen with metals. You
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to be used to identify an unknown sample. Sulphuric acid was to be added to a carbonate solution and an effervescent reaction would confirm the presence of carbonate anions. Another sample of carbonate solution was to be reacted with hydrochloric acid and the gaseous product was to be reacted with a suspended drop of barium carbonate. The presence of clouding in the droplet would also confirm the presence of carbonate anions. Silver nitrate was to be added to chloride solution and the
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are found on page 162 in the textbook Sciencepower 9 Part 7: Test tube; Test tube rack; Dilute hydrochloric acid; Magnesium ribbon Part 8: 3 Test tubes; Test tube rack; 2 Spatulas; 2 Stoppers; De-ionized water; ………………Ammonium chloride; Calcium Chloride Procedure: Part 1: i) Observe and record the physical properties of each starting substance …………………..before mixing the substances together. …………… ii) Pour 2-3mL of potassium iodide solution into a clean dry test tube. ………………iii)
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acid is neutralized by the antacid. Different antacids use different metal hydroxides‚ such as Al(OH)3 or Mg(OH)2. The general formula for this reaction is: M(OH)y + Y HCl [pic] Y H2O + M+y + Y Cl- Additionally‚ some brands of antacids use calcium carbonate as a neutralizing reagent. CaCO3 + 2 HCl (aq) [pic] H2CO3 (aq) + Ca2+ (aq) + 2 Cl-(aq) The carbonic acid formed in this reaction may undergo further reaction: H2CO3 (aq) [pic] H2O (l) + CO2 (g) Procedure Outline This experiment will involve
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neutralising soil; it is a sedimentary rock that is commonly found in quarries. It is a compound consisting of calcium‚ carbon and oxygen called calcium carbonate (CaCO3). As it is a solid it would be very hard to neutralise soil with it so it has to be broken down and made into a liquid form called calcium hydroxide (CaOH2) made up of calcium‚ carbon‚ oxygen and hydrogen. This calcium hydroxide can then be sprayed on the fields to neutralise the soil. Stings When we get stings e.g. wasp‚ bee
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The cocoa showed the shape of the fingerprint best but the powder went streaky over the lines of the fingerprint when brushed. The talcum powder showed up second best but was also very streaky due to the brush. Calcium carbonate was very hard to see but showed the lines of the fingerprint better than the other two powders tested. The main problem that caused this experiment to be unsuccessful was that the brush we were using was too hard and bristly‚ causing the powders
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