body of the rock. Eventually the surface layers split off or spall from the lower layers‚ sometimes in slightly curved sheets like the layers of an onion. Seen especially in granite. Crystal Growth (Salt Weathering) Salt crystals‚ such as sodium carbonate and magnesium sulphate grow within spaces in a rock. It happens when saline water enters cracks in rocks then evaporates. The growing crystals prise the rock apart and small pieces break off. This process is especially effective in semi-arid areas
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shell that the clam produces as it grows. The lines form bands which represent about a years growth. Mollusks shells are hard due to the presence of the compound calcium carbonate. A thin membrane called the mantle lines the inside of both shells and protects the internal organs. The mantle contains shell glands that secrete calcium carbonate‚ creating the shell. An incurrent siphon is where water that contains foods and oxygen enters through here. Waste products of digestion and respiration are eliminated
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Fish have been a protein source throughout history. Early fishing primarily involved individuals capturing fish near their communities for consumption or trade. Ships gave fishers access to ocean-based fisheries. Commercial fishing became industrialized by the late nineteenth century‚ as technological innovations helped locate‚ catch‚ and process fish. In addition to fish living in natural freshwater or saltwater fisheries‚ fish cultivated in fish farms ’ ponds or tanks represented approximately
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9.5 – Industrial Chemistry (Option): Δ. Construct word and balanced formulae equations of all chemical reactions as they are encountered in this module: The EQUILIBRIUM Constant: For the basic reversible reaction‚ depicted as: aA + bB cC + dD; Uses of SULFURIC ACID: Fertiliser Production: Creating ammonium sulfate: sulfuric acid + ammonia ammonium sulfate H2SO4 (aq) + 2NH3 (aq) (NH4)2SO4 (aq) Dehydrating Agent: Dehydration of ethanol: ethanol ethylene + water C2H5OH (l) C2H4 (g) + H2O (l) Dehydration
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|Colour of Flame | |Barium |apple green | |Calcium |brick red | |Potassium | lilac
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carbon dioxide to form sodium carbonate. c. Calcium metal reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. d. Potassium nitrate decomposes to form potassium nitrite and oxygen. e. Barium metal reacts with Iron (III) sulfate to produce barium sulfate and iron metal. f. Barium chloride reacts with sodium sulfate to produce barium sulfate and sodium chloride. g. Bismuth (III) oxide and zinc metal react to produce zinc (II) oxide and bismuth metal. h. Calcium metal reacts with phosphorus
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Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex‚ pose a significant health risk to the patient‚ or fail to heal properly.Bone generally has the ability to regenerate completely but requires a very small fracture space or some sort of scaffold to do so. Bone grafts may be autologous harvested from the patient’s own body‚ often from the allograft or synthetic with similar mechanical properties to bone. Most bone grafts
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4 PO43- Phosphate 5 Au Gold 6 Rb Rubidium 7 LiCl Lithium Cloride 8 AlBr3 Aluminum (III) Bromide 9 KMnO4 Potassium Manganate (VII) 10 Cu(OH)2 Copper (II) Hydroxide 11 FeSO4 Iron (II) Sulfate 12 NH4Cl Ammonium Chloride 13 ZnCO3 Zinc Carbonate 14 SnF2 Tin (II)Fluoride 15 MgSO4 Magnesium Sulfate 16 MnO2 Manganese (IV) Oxide 17 Ca3(PO4)2 Tricalcium Phosphate 18 NaOH Sodium Hydroxide 19 HCl Hydrogen Cloride 20 Ba(HSO3)2 Barium Bisulfite 21 HNO3 Hydrogen Nitrate 22 FeSO3 Iron (II)
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Water Technology Hardness of Water: Natural waters containing large quantities of dissolved salts of Calcium (Ca) & Magnesium (Mg) is called hard water. It is a characteristic of preventing lather formation of water with soap. Ca2+ & Mg2+ ions react with soaps which are salts of fatty acids (stearic or palmitic acid) to give insoluble scums or precipitates of calcium or magnesium stearate or palmitate. 2C17H35COO- + Ca2+ → (C17H35COO)2 Ca (scum) 2C17H35COO- + Mg2+ → (C17H35COO)2
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1. Introduction The word ‘Karst’ comes from the Krs Plateau in Slovenia‚ where karst environments were first studied closely. The Slav people use ‘Krs’ to refere to ‘bare stony ground’. More specifically geomorphology refers to karst as a type of terrain characterised mainly by caves‚ sinkholes and complex drainage networks. The majority of karst formations occur in soluble rocks such as limestone and dolomite (although recent discoveries have revealed karst formations in more resistant rocks such
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