Budgeting and the Planning and Control Process Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter‚ you should be able to: • Describe how the budget is a component of the planning and control process. • Explain the three components of planningmission‚ goals‚ and objectives. • Describe how performance reports relate to budgets. • List the advantages of budgeting. • Describe how budgeting is related to strategic planning. • Describe the budget administration process. INTRODUCTION Have
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Financial Modelling CHAPTER 3: BUDGETING The difference between a forecast and a budget A business forecast is an estimate of the likely position of a business in the future‚ based on past or present conditions. However‚ a budget is a statement of planned future results which are expected to follow from actions taken by management to change the present circumstances. Budgets as tools for planning and control Planning Managers are responsible for planning and controlling a business for the benefit
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Assessment: Lite orange juice Project 1. Define the term “incremental cash flow”. Since the project will be financed in part by debt‚ should the cash flow analysis include the interest expense? Incremental cash flow is the additional operating cash flow that an organization receives from taking on a new project. A positive incremental cash flow means that the company ’s cash flow will increase with the acceptance of the project. Cash flow analysis should not include the interest expense. We
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says about the profession of cost estimators (CIMA‚ 2009). Cost‚ time overrun‚ benefit‚ demand and revenue shortfall are the problems of budget does not hit the target for the mega projects (CIMA‚ 2009). Budgeting is defined as “the process of allocating an organization’s financial resources to its units‚ activities and investments” (Blumentritt 2006‚ p73). Although budgets are often stated in terms of money‚ they need not be‚ and can also relate to quantities made and sold‚ numbers of employees
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Internal economies of scale -- Savings in cost as firm expands. Created by firms’ own policies and actions. All must link back to lowering AC 1. Technical Economies of scale (Technical and engineering factors) • Factor indivisibility Economies • Make full use of large equipments • Economies arising from increased dimensions • Larger dimensions. Container principle>>Doubling of area more than doubles the volume • linked process economies • Takes a product through several stages of production‚ saves
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1. Nchite and Nsana‚ (2004): Public Finance Management and Utilization Project- Report on strategies and Mechanisms of an effective system of public finances management in Zambia. 2. Gumboh Steven‚ (2004): MTEF Manual for Central Government: Zambia. 3. Mudenda Dale‚ (2005). The budgeting Processes and Economic Governance in Zambia: A Literature Review. 4. Bolnick Bruce‚ (1995): Establishing Fiscal Discipline: the Cash budget in Zambia. 5. Dinh Hinh‚ (2000) Cash Budget in Zambia: Stabilizations versus
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Memory Allocation Now we will discuss about the various memory allocation schemes. Single Partition Allocation In this scheme Operating system is residing in low memory and user processes are executing in higher memory. Advantages * It is simple. * It is easy to understand and use. Disadvantages * It leads to poor utilization of processor and memory. * Users job is limited to the size of available memory. Multiple-partition Allocation One of the simplest methods
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- A Capital Budgeting Method. (The evaluation of two mutually exclusive projects with varying lives requires careful examination of the existence of the reinvestment opportunities at the end of the different economic lives of the projects. The current article deals with a method that may be adopted in situations wherein the level of investments‚ the life of the projects and cash inflows (or outflows) are unequal.) Risk is inherent in almost every business decisions. Capital budgeting being
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Cost Allocation University of Phoenix Accounting in Healthcare ACC561 December 12‚ 2010 Cost Allocation Transfer Pricing [pic] [pic] Transfer pricing is a value attached to the output of a department to measure the value of the trade with other departments within the organization. Transfer prices will not affect the organization’s profit results. This contributes directly to the process of departmental performance measurement and indirectly to the measurement of a product
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statement: “Budgeting is a key component in management short and long term planning.” Introduction In a company‚ budgeting and operational activities link together‚ and budgeting plays an important role in a company’s running. At the end of the year‚ senior director will start to plan the budget for the next year. A successful business must be having a detailed budget. In this article‚ we are going to talk about what is budgeting and how is it important. What is budgeting Budget is an
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