Chapter 12 Capital Structure and Leverage LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter‚ students should be able to: • Explain why capital structure policy involves a trade-off between risk and return‚ and list the four primary factors that influence capital structure decisions. • Distinguish between a firm’s business risk and its financial risk. • Explain how operating leverage contributes to a firm’s business risk and conduct a breakeven analysis‚ complete with
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OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE INTRODUCTION This report tries to visualize “OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE” and represent the facts that include features of capital structure‚ determinants of capital structure‚ and patterns of capital structure‚ types and theories of capital structure‚ theory of optimal capital structure‚ risk associated with capital structure‚ external assessment of capital structure and some assumption related to capital structure. BROAD OBJECTIVE • To determine features of capital structure
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Capital Structure and Profit Capital Structure Definition A unite of a company’s long-term debt‚ specific short-term debt‚ common equity and preferred equity. The capital structure is how a firm finances its overall operations and growth by using different sources of funds. Debt comes in the form of bond issues or long-term notes payable‚ whereas equity is classified as common stock‚ preferred stock or retained earnings. Also‚ Short-term debt such as working capital requirements is considered
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Capital Structure Practice Problems 1. Hayfin Enterprises has the following operating results and capital structure: Hayfin Enterprises ($000s) | | | Financial Data | | Revenue | $ 6‚000 | Operating Expenses | $ (4‚500) | EBIT (Operating Profit) | $ 1‚500 | | | Debt | $ 1‚200 | Equity | $ 8‚800 | Total Capital | $ 10‚000 | Interest rate on debt = 9% Share price = $25 (MV = BV) The firm is contemplating
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The University of Hong Kong Case Study on WM Wrigley JR.Company. Individual Written Assignment Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of the Issues 2 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 2 Current Rivalry (yellow zone) 2 Substitute (yellow zone) 3 New Market Entrants (green zone) 3 Supplier (green zone) 4 Customer (red zone) 4 Major Issues 5 Analysis of Options 5 Positioning at medium to high end in sugar confectionery 5 Developing new concepts in sugar
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Kale et al (1991) suggests that the level of risk is one of the main determinants of a firm`s capital structure. By looking at the trade off theory we might expect a negative association when risk and leverage are concerned. If firms have high earnings volatility‚ for some obvious reasons‚ they would not want to indulge in debt financing. It follows that when firms are exposed to bankruptcy and agency costs greater is the incentive to reduce the level of debt otherwise the more volatile a firm`s
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Application of Capital Structure‚ Costs of Capital for Multiple Division firms Case Analysis: Pioneer Petroleum Corporation (PPC).1 Submitted by: Joseph Donato N. Pangilinan‚ FICD Date Presented: April 12‚ 2012 Introduction: This landmark case seeks to break the risk-reward trade off involved in calculating Capital Cost. The object of the solution must be to minimize project risks while maximizing project opportunities available. We want a rate and a rating system that does not unnecessarily
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attorney’s fees and costs. On March 9‚ 2010‚ the 11th Senate of the German Federal Supreme Court ruled in the plaintiff’s favor in one of these cases‚ and held Pershing liable for a German broker-dealer’s tortious acts. In subsequent cases‚ the Supreme Court continued to rule in the plaintiffs’ favor. In December 2011‚ Pershing settled the majority of the cases. Lyondell Litigation As previously disclosed‚ in an action filed in New York State Supreme Court for New York County‚ on Sept. 14‚ 2010‚ plaintiffs
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Du Pont Case Study Capital Structure Statement of the Problem Determine a capital structure policy suitable for Du Pont in the 1980s and beyond. This paper will consider the history of the company and the turbulent times of the 1960s and 1970s‚ weigh the advantages and disadvantages associated with higher and lower levels of debt‚ and develop a strategy for the future after the merger with Conoco Inc. in 1983. Executive Summary Du Pont has been historically known for its
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A Study of the Impact of Values and Lifestyles (VALS) on Brand Loyalty with Special Reference to English Newspapers* C.Anandan1‚ M.Prasanna Mohanraj 2 & S.Madhu3 Abstract Indian Newspaper Industry is witnessing high growth‚ despite the rise of the Internet and of telecommunications as viable sources of information. Earlier all the newspapers thought that the opportunity for them was within their own geographical area. But‚ in coming years publishers will be spending over Rs.1000 crores to invade
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