The weaknesses of the Ontological Argument give support to Atheism. Discuss this claim (12 marks) Anselm’s ontological argument described in part (a)‚ was refuted in his own lifetime‚ by Gaunilo‚ who demonstrated in a reduction ad absurdum of his own‚ that if the logic of the argument were applied to things other than God‚ it led to invalid conclusions. Gaunilo didn’t identify any specific fault with the argument‚ but argued that something must be wrong with it‚ because if there wasn’t anything
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(A) Explain how Descartes developed Anselm’s argument that God’s existence is necessary. Anselm used the Ontological Argument to prove that God’s existence is necessary. The origins of this argument are found in Anselm’s writings‚ he began with a quotation from a Psalm “The fool says in his heart‚ ‘there is no God’…” and then reflected on the truthfulness of this. Anselm defined God as ‘that than which nothing greater can be conceived’ assuming you accept this a priori definition Anselm went on
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in which the design argument provides evidence for the existence of God The design argument is an explanation used by theists to prove the existence of God. It is also called the teleological argument. The word teleological comes from the Greek word teleos which means ‘end’ or ‘purpose’. The argument uses observation of the natural world to provide evidence of design and uses this evidence to back up the existence of God as what has been designed needs a designer. As the argument uses evidence to confirm
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Examine the main strengths of the cosmological argument for the existence of God (21 marks) The main question the cosmological argument ponders thought on is ‘Why is there a universe at all?’ The cosmological argument asks the scientific question behind the universe as the design argument asks an emotional one. One of the main strengths of the cosmological argument was brought forward again recently by William Lane Craig. The argument tries to say that the world couldn’t have just occurred‚ there
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Causal Research Design: Experimentation Concept of Causality A statement such as "X causes Y " will have the following meaning to an ordinary person and to a scientist. ____________________________________________________ Ordinary Meaning Scientific Meaning ____________________________________________________ X is the only cause of Y. X is only one of a number of possible causes of Y. X must always lead to Y (X is a deterministic cause of Y). It is possible to prove that X is a cause of
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criticisms of this theory‚ starting with hallucinations and dreams. The book uses the example of a guitar‚ and the visual experience. This whole section is pretty left field‚ so I won’t try to explain it beyond my knowledge. Solipsism is the next argument that criticizes representative realism. Solipsism is the view that all exists in my mind and the creation of everything else is of your own invention. The last criticism of
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Examine some of the key principles of the argument for the existence of God based upon religious experiences Religious experiences are experiences we have of the divine or God. These experiences may be Mystical experiences‚ conversion experiences or revelatory experiences. Paul Tillich states that religious experience is a feeling of ‘ultimate concern’‚ a feeling that demands a decisive decision from the one receiving it. He describes it as an encounter followed by a special understanding of its
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The Argument from Religious Experience The argument from religious experience is the argument that personal religious experiences can prove God’s existence to those that have them. One can only perceive that which exists‚ and so God must exist because there are those that have experienced him. While religious experiences themselves can only constitute direct evidence of God’s existence for those fortunate enough to have them‚ the fact that there are many people who testify to having had such experiences
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Euthanasia – Proxy Decisions Means beautiful death The termination of a beings life on compassionate grounds Candidates for euthanasia are terminally ill with death being imminent that face uncontrollable pain and suffering. Typical criteria for euthanasia What are the procedures? Are they morally equivalent? (deontological issue) If not‚ why not? Passive vs. Active Euthanasia 1. Cause of death 2. Manner of death 3. Procedure 4. Perceived moral status 5. Justification for perceived moral
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Demand explains relationship between the level of consumption and the causal factors influencing consumption (such as instance income‚ tastes‚ price and price of substitutes). Recreation (in the case of the article ‘Countryside recreation provision in England: exploring a demand-led approach’ (Curry‚ N. Ravenscroft‚ N. 2000)) is normally free at the time of consumption so as a result of no price being present to relate to consumption‚ no clear demand relationship can be directly established. Because
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