types of causation which are necessary to establish criminal liability. These are factual causation and cause in law (also known as legal causation). Factual causation means that the defendant can only be found guilty if the consequence would not have happened ‘but for’ the defendant’s conduct. This was seen in the case of Pagett (1982). Similarly‚ a defendant cannot be found guilty if the victim’s death was unrelated to the defendant’s actions (as in White‚ 1910). Legal causation‚ where the
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liability is that not all ‘actus rei’ require an ‘act’‚ meaning it is possible for the accused to be liable for simply omitting/failing to act just as the defendant found in DPP v. Santana-Bermudez . The area of law concerning this question is causation which simply means that the defendant’s actions must have caused the required consequence. ‘It is necessary to show not only that the defendant performed an act‚ but that the act caused a particular consequence.’ At first glance this seems straightforward
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dysfunctional homes that foster improper parenting and the impact of psychological and physical absence of parents on their children. It also assesses the consequences of “child shifting” on affected children. The social impairments of children suffering from “child shifting” were cross-examined with the various parenting styles they would receive through continuous domestic relocation. “Children Caught in the Crossfire” is an interesting article that exploits numerous factors involving parental negligence
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Dan Wang(Irene) Animal test in medicine is inevitable In 1960s‚ about 10‚000 babies who have short and malfunctioned legs and arms were born‚ surprising the public and scientists. People were worried and anxious to know the reason for the tragedy and the way to avoid the birth of defect babies. After many researches‚ scientists found out that the disabled babies were born to the mother who had taken a medicine called Thalidomide‚ a drug people used to deal with pregnant reaction
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Disappointments in life are inevitable‚ and so are challenges and difficulties. It is noted however‚ that some seem to thrive while others cannot‚ more surprisingly so‚ even under the same conditions. The question therefore‚ is what differentiates the former from the latter? Perfectionism is a personality trait in which an individual who possesses it has and pursues exceedingly high standards; it is then by these unrealistic standards that one evaluates and criticizes himself (Di Schiena‚ Luminet‚ Philippot
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Theoretical Framework There are many theories about self esteem. These include Maslow’s Theory of needs‚ Carl Rogers Theory of personal development and Bednar and Perterson’s Theory of self esteem among others. However‚ this study will use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to investigate the effects of self esteem on academic performance. According to Maslow people are motivated to seek personal goals that make their lives rewarding and meaningful. The law contends that human beings have wants and rarely
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Theoretical Perspective Parent-Child Interaction Therapy is an intervention founded on social learning and attachment theories (Allen‚ Timmer‚ Urquiza‚ 2014). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy uses the overview of attachment theory that states that “sensitive and responsive parenting provides the foundation of the child’s sense of knowing that he or she will be responded to when necessary” (Theoretical Underpinnings of PCIT‚ 2010). Therefore‚ the warmth‚ responsiveness‚ and sensitivity that Parent-Child
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The inevitability of conflict or war in an anarchical system is strongly linked to the idea of survival and security but not only. Realist theorists‚ especially classic realists‚ also believe it can be due to the destructive tendency of human nature. In fact‚ people are viewed as narrowly selfish and ethically flawed‚ with the intent of achieving self-advantage regardless of others. As Niccolo Machiavelli well describes it in 1532‚ in The Prince‚ human nature is inherently evil. Men are always seeking
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Running head: Theoretical Models Theoretical Models Jennifer Finehirsh Grand Canyon University RDG 525 July 6‚ 2010 Abstract The following paper will address four different instructional approaches‚ as well as the theories‚ which influenced each of them. It will them have a rational for way these four where chosen and how they affect the school setting. Theoretical Models There are many ways to teach new concepts to students. The four ways that you will read about today is the direct
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ABSTRACT STRATEGIC CONTINGENCY PLANNING By Karen Scott-Martinet Fall 2006 The objective of this study was to develop a strategic contingency planning model to be used to fully incorporate emergency management and business continuity into organization structures. (For the purpose of this study‚ Emergency Management and Business Continuity were collectively referred to as “contingency planning.”) Presently‚ contingency planning is mainly done on an operational or tactical level. Current
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