Trees and Graphs Pat Hanrahan Tree Drawing Page 1 Why Trees? Hierarchies File systems and web sites Organization charts Categorical classifications Similiarity and clustering Branching processes Genealogy and lineages Phylogenetic trees Decision processes Indices or search trees Decision trees Tournaments Two Major Visual Representations Connection: Node / Link Diagrams Containment / Enclosure F6 G6 H6 J36 U8 B10 C30 L7 M7 V12 O4 P4 Q4 R4 S4 T4 W8 Page
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CHAPTER 4 : FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS 4.1 Definition of Function A function from one set X to another set Y is a rule that assigns each element in X to one element in Y. 4.1.1 Notation If f denotes a function from X to Y‚ we write 4.1.2 Domain and range X is known as the domain of f and Y the range of f. (Note that domain and range are sets.) 4.1.3 Object and image If and ‚ then x and y are known respectively as the objects and images of f. We can write ‚ ‚ . We can represent
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§5 Graph Theory Loosely speaking‚ a graph is a set of dots and dot-connecting lines. The dots are called vertices and the lines are called edges. Formally‚ a (finite) graph G consists of A finite set V whose elements are called the vertices of G; A finite set E whose elements are called the edges of G; A function that assigns to each edge e ∈ E an unordered pair of vertices called the endpoints of e. This function is called the edge-endpoint function. Note that these graphs are not related to graphs
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New performance management system and the performance improvement process Performance Measurement Systems: 1.0 Introduction There are 3 charts in this section Chart 1.1: This is a general introductory chart which has been tailored for measurements to demonstrate that a balanced scorecard is an integral part of business planning and strategy This chart emphasizes that strategy implementation must be top-down and a good measurement system is a powerful tool for achieving this. It also shows how
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Graphs 1‚ 2‚ 3‚ and 4 show the waveforms for the flute‚ violin‚ piano‚ and oboe. The Fourier Series can be used to explain why each of the instruments have their own unique sound. The flute‚ violin‚ piano and oboe have different combinations of frequencies as each waveform is made of an unique combination of sine and cosine waves‚ and this creates distinct waveforms and allows each instrument to have a unique sound. Recall that the formula of the Fourier Series is f(x)=a_0+∑_(k=1)^∞▒(a_k cos〖πkx/T〗+b_k
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NAME_________________________________ STAMP________________ PERIOD____ PICTURES & GRAPHS A. The Atom 1. Calculate the average atomic mass using the spectrum below. 2. Answer the questions regarding the energy level diagram shown. a) The emission lines for the series above are in the IR‚ Vis and UV regions. Match the series with the region and justify your choice (FYI – AP you do not need to memorize the names of the series. IB will need to know then for next year). b) Would the wavelength
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Tree definitions If you already know what a binary tree is‚ but not a general tree‚ then pay close attention‚ because binary trees are not just the special case of general trees with degree two. I use the definition of a tree from the textbook‚ but bear in mind that other definitions are possible. Definition. A tree consists of a (possible empty) set of nodes. If it is not empty‚ it consists of a distinguished node r called the root and zero or more non-empty subtrees T1‚ T2‚ …‚ Tk such that there
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increased‚ the acceleration also increases. The acceleration is directly proportional to the sine of the incline angle‚ (. A graph of acceleration versus sin( can be extrapolated to a point where the value of sin( is 1. When sin is 1‚ the angle of the incline is 90°. This is equivalent to free fall. The acceleration during free fall can then be determined from the graph. Galileo was able to measure acceleration only for small angles. You will collect similar data. Can these data be used in
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PROBLEMS 2. Control charts for X and R are to be established on a certain dimension part‚ measured in millimeters. Data were collected in subgroup sizes of 6 and are given below. Determine the trial central line and control limits. Assume assignable causes and revise the central line and limits. |SUBGROUP NUMBER |Xbar |R |SUBGROUP NUMBER |Xbar |R | | |20.35 |0.34
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package to management at EA. Look at the line graph above. What has happened to competition in the Chinese car industry over the last two years? Task 2. 1. Work In groups of three. You need to devise a cost-cutting programme in order to reduce manufacturing costs and boost productivity at EA. 1 group: look at page 146 2 group: look at page 153 3 group: look at page 157 2. Present your cost-cutting package to management at EA. Use figures and graphs where
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