CONCEPTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY • Inductive Effect : Inductive effect is defined as permanent displacement of shared electron pair in a carbon chain towards more electronegative atom or group. Types of Inductive effect : 1.Negative Inductive Effect : (—I effect‚ Electron withdrawing effect) when an electronegative atom or group (more electro negative than hydrogen)is attached to the terminal of the carbon chain in a compound‚ the electrons are displaced in the direction of the attached
Premium Chemical bond Atom Benzene
contains four sections‚ SECTION A to SECTION D. Instructions: Answer all questions in SECTION A - SECTION D. Make sure that the section heading is included and your answers are correctly numbered. The assignment must have a completed cover sheet. It must be placed in the drop-box on or before the deadline. st SECTION A ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE & IONIZATION ENERGY 1. 2. Write the electronic structure in s‚p‚d notation of the following: O‚ Na‚ Na+‚ Al‚ Cl- and Co
Premium Sodium hydroxide Enthalpy Hydrochloric acid
Jotham Kim Crusader Essay 9-3 Word Count:1‚452 In ancient Europe‚ around the 11th century‚ there were three major kingdoms/empires. The three major kingdoms/empires were the Catholic kingdom‚ the Byzantine Empire‚ and the Islamic Caliphates. The Catholic kingdom was located in Western Europe. In the Catholic kingdom‚ religion was very important and organized. First‚ their religion was the Catholic Christianity‚ and in the church hierarchy‚ there were different classes. The highest class
Free Byzantine Empire Roman Empire Pope
PRACTICE PROBLEMS Period _________________ Date ______________ SECTION 2.1 MATTER 1. Which of the following is not a physical change? a. dissolving sugar in water b. burning gasoline in an engine c. evaporating sea water to obtain salt d. slicing a piece of bread 2. Which of the following is not a property of a gas? a. has a definite shape b. has no definite volume c. assumes the shape of its container d. easily compressible 3. Which of the following
Premium Oxygen Chemical substance Chemical element
to observe a shift in equilibrium concentrations associated with changes in temperature 4. to explain the observations obtained by applying Le Chatelier’s principle Materials Required: See page 209 Heath Chemistry Laboratory Experiments Procedure: See pages 209-211 Heath Chemistry Laboratory Experiments Data and Observations: Table 1 Equilibrium Involving Thymol Blue REAGENT ADDED STRESS (ION ADDED) COLOR OBSERVATION DIRECTION OF EQUILIBRIUM SHIFT HCl (Step
Premium Chemistry Experiment Hypothesis
flour and water and often additional ingredients. Doughs are usually baked‚ but in some cuisines breads are steamed (e.g.‚ mantou)‚ fried (e.g.‚ puri)‚ or baked on an unoiled frying pan (e.g.‚ tortillas). It may be leavened or unleavened (e.g. matzo). Salt‚ fat and leavening agents such as yeast and baking soda are common ingredients‚ though bread may contain other ingredients‚ such as milk‚ egg‚ sugar‚ spice‚ fruit (such as raisins)‚ vegetables (such as onion)‚ nuts (such as walnuts) or seeds (such
Premium Bread Nutrition Cooking
celebration to mark specialoccasions. The thrill and excitement generated by fireworks‚brightening the night sky and immersing it with vivid displays ofcolour and technicality‚ which makes them a crowd pleaser. Behind all the excitement of fireworks‚ chemistry plays an importantrole in creating the vivid colours we witness lighting up the sky. Theactual chemical reactions that take place in the explosions requirethe use of oxidisers‚ reducing agents and binders. The additions ofvarying metal chlorides
Premium Chemical reaction Fireworks Chemistry
Jashandeep Gill Gammellos Chemistry Density is one of the fundamental principles of physics. Density is the reason why a plank of wood floats on water while a piece of metal several times smaller will sink. Density of an object is measured in g/cm³ or g/cc. The equation is D=M/V‚ D being the density of the object‚ M being the mass of the object‚ and V being the volume of the object. Mass is the space an object takes up. It is the amount of matter present in an object. Mass is measured using
Free Density Water Kilogram
color of acid-base indicators. Some acids react with active metals and release hydrogen gas‚H2. Acids react with bases to produce salts and water. Acids conduct electric current. Bases: Aqueous solutions of bases taste bitter. Bases change the color of acid-base indicators. Dilute aqueous solutions of bases feel slippery. Bases react with acids to produce salts and water. Bases conduct electric current. 2. a. Distinguish between binary acids and oxyacids in terms of their component elements
Free Acid Chemistry PH
Food Chemistry Food Chemistry 95 (2006) 180–185 www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of Phyllanthus niruri R. Harish‚ T. Shivanandappa * Department of Food Protectants and Infestation Control‚ Central Food Technological Research Institute‚ Mysore 570 020‚ India Received 5 April 2004; received in revised form 25 November 2004; accepted 25 November 2004 Abstract Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of Phyllanthus niruri
Premium Antioxidant