Chemistry Ozone Depletion Ozone depletion describes two distinct but related phenomena observed since the late 1970s: a steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of ozone in Earth’s stratosphere (the ozone layer)‚ and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone over Earth’s polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as theozone hole. In addition to these well-known stratospheric phenomena‚ there are also springtime polartropospheric ozone depletion events. The
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Topic 6 Microscopic World II Unit 23 Shapes of molecules Unit 24 Bond polarity and intermolecular forces Key C o ncepts Microscopic World II Shapes of molecules • Covalent molecules with non-octet structures • Shapes of molecules • The VSEPR theory • Molecular crystals of buckminsterfullerene (C60) • Carbon nanotubes Bond polarity and intermolecular forces • Electronegativity and bond polarity • Van der Waals’ forces • Factors affecting the strength
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Chapter 1: Intermolecular Forces: Liquids‚ Solids‚ and Phase Changes Chem 11: General Chemistry 2 Topics 1.1 An Overview of Physical States and Phase Changes 1.2 Quantitative Aspects of Phase Changes 1.3 Types of Intermolecular Forces 1.4 Properties of the Liquid State 1.5 Uniqueness of Water 1.6 The Solid State: Structure‚ Properties and Bonding A hot spring on a snowy day The Kinetic Molecular View of the Three States The characteristic properties of gases‚ liquids
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Appendix APPENDIX 1 Chemical tests for functional groups Homologous series/ Typical compound Functional group(s) Alkanes CH3CH3 ethane C – C and C–H Alkenes CH2 = CH2 ethene C=C Chemical tests/Observations Add liquid bromine in ultraviolet light (or sunlight): White fumes of HBr liberated; decolourisation of bromine occurs slowly (a) Add Br2 in CCl4 at room temperature: Decolourisation of bromine occurs immediately CH2 = CH2 + Br2 → CH2BrCH2Br (b) Add acidified
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Stoichiometry II- Synthesis of a Coordination Compound Report 〖CuSO〗_4 (s)→〖Cu〗^(2+) (aq)+ SO_4 (aq)^(2-) Cu^(2+) (aq)+ 4NH_3 (aq)→[Cu(NH_3 )_4 ]^(2+) [Cu(NH_3 )_4 ]^(2+)+ SO_4 (aq)^(2-)+H_2 O□(→┴(methanol solvent) ) [Cu(NH_3 )_4 ]SO_4*H_2 O 1.992 g 〖CuSO〗_4 (s) × (1 mol〖 CuSO〗_4 )/(159.6 g) = .0124 mol 〖CuSO〗_4 (s) .0124 mol 〖CuSO〗_4 (s)×(1 mol [Cu(NH_3 )_4 ]SO_4*H_2 O )/(1 mol〖 CuSO〗_4 )×(245.74 g [Cu(NH_3 )_4 ]SO_4*H_2 O )/(1 mol [Cu(NH_3 )_4 ]SO_4*H_2 O )=3.047 g [Cu(NH_3 )_4 ]SO_4*H_2
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Number Surname Other Names Examiner’s Initials Candidate Signature Question General Certificate of Secondary Education Higher Tier June 2013 Science A CH1HP H Unit Chemistry C1 Chemistry Unit Chemistry C1 Monday 10 June 2013 1.30 pm to 2.30 pm Mark 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TOTAL For this paper you must have: a ruler the Chemistry Data Sheet (enclosed). You may use a calculator. Time allowed 1 hour Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page
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of air. He considered that this difference had been caused by experimental errors. About 100 years later‚ Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsey discover Argon in 1894. For Ramsey‚ it is was as early as 1885-1890 when he published several notable papers on the oxides of nitrogen and followed those up with the discovery of Argon‚ Helium‚ Neon‚ Krypton‚ and Xenon. Led to the conclusion by different paths and‚ at first‚ without working together‚ both Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsey succeeded in
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What You Need To Know for the Chemistry Regents Exam The Test The Chemisty Regents Exam is broken down into three sections: Part A: 35 mulitple choice questions from all units covered over the course of the school year. Part B: Approximately 25 questions‚ with a mix of short answer and multiple choice. Questions focus on the Reference Tables‚ graphing‚ and laboratory experiments. Part C: Approximately 15 short answer questions‚ most broken down into smaller parts. This is often an
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Terrius Watson Dr. Kitchens Chemistry 4 March 2013 Chemistry Matters Cooking is chemistry. Everything is essentially chemical reactions. If you don’t mix the correct amount of grams of one element with another the product can result to be horrendous. The formula of sugar is C12H22O11. When you mix a certain amount of that into a solution of water with the addition of tea you a drink called sweet tea. Let’s say you mix add more C12H22O11 than water. Then your product will be syrup; a completely
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Introduction On a general level‚ alkenes can be formed from the dehydration of an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid. The acid simply acts as a catalyst and as such increases the reaction time but while doing so does not affect the overall stoichiometry. The usual mole ratio of such reaction is therefore 1:1 which means that the theoretical yield of Alkene in mole is equal to the amount of alcohol used in the reaction. Below are the reaction and the overall
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