introduction of concrete as a construction medium and the true arch as a structural component made it possible for the Romans to build strong‚ elaborate‚ expansive structures that would endure the test of time. Concrete Roman concrete‚ called opus caementicium‚ was made by mixing traditional lime mortar with stone aggregate called caementa. This material used less water and was very thick compared to modern concrete; therefore it was laid rather than poured (Roman Architecture‚ n.d.). Concrete was an important
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Aggregates is a major part of concrete‚ it is of urgent need that we look into the influence of aggregate on the fresh as well as hardened properties of concrete. Better grading of aggregate not only will show better results in the properties of the concrete but will also help in saving expensive materials such as cement‚ fly ash and admixture. In the comparative study of influence of the aggregate on high strength concrete‚ here is an attempt to study strength characteristics of cubes and cylinders
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NCRETE [pic] [pic] ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This project report presents a general preview of “WASTE WATER ENGINEERING”. It gives information of functions‚ types‚ Properties and some design aspects of construction. Regarding this report I would like to express my sincere gratitude of Prof. Amitava Ganguly for providing important information‚ guidelines and acquainting me with the relevant books‚ and websites
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Advantages of mix design Mix design aims to achieve good quality concrete at site economically. I. Quality concrete means • Better strength • Better imperviousness and durability • Dense and homogeneous concrete II. Economy a) Economy in cement consumption It is possible to save up to 15% of cement for M20 grade of concrete with the help of concrete mix design. In fact higher the grade of concrete more are the savings. Lower cement content also results in lower heat of hydration and hence
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Ian Wendt August 17‚ 2011 Roman Pozzolanic Concrete The Roman Empire has contributed a wide variety of knowledge‚ ideas and technology to the world. These include novel concepts regarding the legal system‚ Roman numerals‚ architecture and the Roman calendar. However‚ the development of concrete as a building material is not the first thing that comes to mind when considering the Roman contributions to civilization. While the use of concrete predates the Roman era‚ the Romans discovered important
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ABSTRACT Concrete has been the most preferred construction material for over five decades. It is being increasing day to day all over the world due to its versatility‚ mould ability‚ high compressive strength and many more advantages. For several years beginning in 1983‚ the problem of the durability of the concrete structures was a major topic of interest in Japan. The creation of durable concrete structures requires adequate compaction by skilled workers. One solution for the achievement of durable
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Abul Kalam Azad‚ and Mohammed Abdul Hameed A STUDY OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE MADE WITH MARGINAL AGGREGATES Shamsad Ahmad∗‚ Abul Kalam Azad‚ and Mohammed Abdul Hameed Department of Civil Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran‚ Saudi Arabia 1. INTRODUCTION Self-compacting concrete (SCC)‚ developed first in Japan in the late 1980s‚ represents one of the most significant advances in concrete technology in the last two decades. SCC was developed to ensure adequate compaction
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Aggregates for Concrete Aggregates are inert granular materials such as sand‚ gravel‚ or crushed stone that‚ along with water and cement‚ are an essential ingredient in concrete. Aggregates are the most mined materials in the world. For a good concrete mix‚ aggregates need to be clean‚ hard‚ strong particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine materials that could cause the deterioration of concrete. Aggregates‚ which account for 60 to 75 percent of the total volume
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INFOR‚ Vol. 51‚ No. 2‚ May 2013‚ pp. 53–63 ISSN 0315-5986|EISSN 1916-0615 Operational Research in the Wine Supply Chain Luigi Moccia Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni‚ Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche‚ Via P. Bucci 41C‚ 87036 Rende (CS)‚ Italy‚ e-mail: luigi.moccia@icar.cnr.it Abstract—This article is a survey of operational research contributions to the operational‚ tactical‚ and strategic planning of the wine supply chain. It is divided into three parts. The introduction
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Introduction Concrete mixtures can be designed to provide a wide range of mechanical and durability properties to meet the design requirements of a structure. The compressive strength of concrete is the most common performances measure used by engineer in designing buildings and other structures. The compressive strength is measured by breaking concrete specimen in a compression-testing machine. The compressive strength is calculated from the failure load divided by the cross-sectional area resisting
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