bromine into the reaction. Some of the benefits of using pyridinium tribromide are (1) weight can be determined more easily as opposed to bromine in liquid form‚ (2) a safer solvent‚ such as ethanol may be used as opposed to a solvent containing chlorine. The reaction above shows the bromination of stilbene with hydrobromic acid and hydrogen peroxide. This method may be used in place of the pyridinium tribromide‚ which has less atom economy and can be corrosive to metal. Ethanol is used as
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bromine water slowly by substitution reaction. (2) 3. The diagram below shows the set-up used in performing a microscale experiment. A drop of hydrochloric acid was added to the drop of chlorine bleach in a petri dish was immediately covered with is lid. Chlorine gas formed by the reaction between chlorine bleach and hydrochloric acid eventually filled up the whole set-up.
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9.5 Tests for halogens and halide Ions Test for halogen Test method Test observations Test chemistry and comments Chlorine gas Cl2 A pungent green gas. (i) Apply damp blue litmus. (Can use red litmus and just see bleaching effect.) (ii) A drop silver nitrate on the end of a glass rod into the gas. (i) litmus turns red and then is bleached white. (ii) White precipitate. (i) Non-metal‚ is acid in aqueous solution and a powerful oxidising agent (ii) It forms a small amount of chloride ion in water
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oxidizing capacity of bleach is calculated with the percentage by mass of NaOCl in the unknown bleach sample. The overall chemical reaction throughout the experiment will be balanced with the two oxidation-reduction reactions. Within the household chlorine bleaches‚ sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and calcium hypochlorite Ca(ClO)2 are the oxidizing agents. Before titration‚ the mass of the bleach is weighed out for each trial and recorded‚ approximately 0.4-0.6 grams. After the bleach sample is weighed
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w w ap eP m e tr .X w om .c s er UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education 0620/12 CHEMISTRY Paper 1 Multiple Choice May/June 2010 45 Minutes Additional Materials: *8778752636* Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples‚ paper clips‚ highlighters‚ glue or correction
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report named ‘Demand analysis of caustic soda produced by ASM chemicals which is a tree branch of Aziz Group” is all about the production of caustic soda and its previous and current demand in the Bangladesh market. The topic was chosen because it is important to bring into limelight the importance of chemical industries in Bangladesh and the importance of caustic soda in producing innumerable essential consumer goods. I have discussed about the Organization‚ a short summary
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explosives. They then began to use xylyl bromide (C8H9Br) in weapons. These were both small-scale attacks. The first large-scale chemical warfare attack was on April 22‚ 1915 in the Second Battle of Ypres‚ when the Germans attacked the allies with chlorine gas. It did not kill very many people‚ but did injure a lot. There were a couple other gases that were used by countries including phosgene (COCl2)‚ and mustard gas (2(Cl-CH2CH2)S). Towards the end of World War I‚ the chemicals were becoming
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Is Ebola only deadly to the poorest? The whole world is at edge knowing that Ebola is a very lethal virus and it is very tough to treat and cure an infected person. But it has been seen that in countries were level of development is higher and health care is easily reached this disease can be fought. So far‚ every case of an American infected has ended happily‚ most recently Dallas nurse Amber Vinson the second patient to contract Ebola in the US has been discharged from Emory Hospital‚ Ebola-free
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dissolving t-butyl alcohol in concentrated hydrochloric acid. The reaction occurs via nucleophilic substitution‚ in which a nucleophile replaces the leaving group in the substrate. In this case‚ the hydroxyl group of t-butyl alcohol is replaced by a chlorine atom. The reaction proceeds via Sn1mechanism. The second part of the experiment consisted of purification of t-butyl chloride using the distillation process. A nucleophile is any neutral or uncharged molecule with an unshared pair of electrons. In
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Name: __________________________________ Teacher: ________________________________ DO NOT OPEN THE EXAMINATION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD BY THE SUPERVISOR TO BEGIN Chemistry 2202 FINAL EXAMINATION June 2010 Value: 100% General Instructions This examination consists of two parts. Both parts are contained in this booklet and further general instructions are provided on appropriate pages. Part I – Multiple Choice (40%) Select the letter of the correct response from those provided. EITHER
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