A Critical Evaluation Of The Kulturkampf: The Motives & Consequences The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the anti-Catholic legislation introduced in Germany‚ during the 1870’s. This evaluation will utilise a selection of works by Bismarckian era historians‚ and will involve an examination and appliance of the current historical arguments and theories on the Kulturkampf‚ largely from historians like Ross‚ Smith‚ Gross et al. who have written extensively on the factors governing such policies
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9/10 – 9/14 P.1 Neuman AP Euro Ch.9/10 Review Questions Kagan Western Heritage 8th edition Chapter 9 (1300-1527) 1. What were the underlying and precipitating causes of the Hundred Years’ War? What advantages did each side have? Why were the French able to drive the English almost entirely out of France? The first underlying and precipitating cause of the Hundred Years’ War was that England and France were too closely proximate emergent territorial powers. Another cause of the Hundred Years’
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Luis Barragan states‚ “Architecture is an art when one consciously or unconsciously creates aesthetic emotion in the atmosphere and when this environment produces well-being.” This statement is more vividly conveyed through a cross-cultural analysis of two of the most well-known architectural structures of their era‚ Old Saint Peter’s Basilica‚ located in Rome‚ Italy‚ ca. 319‚ and Hagia Sophia‚ located in Constantinople‚ Turkey (Istanbul)‚ 532-537. The architectural style of Old St. Peter’s and Hagia
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Explain the causes of French Revolution: (15 marks) The French revolution-1789 was one of the great revolutions of the world history. It brought about far reaching changes in Europe. It is an arch type revolution that occurred in the history. We are all heirs to its influence. Causes: Dictatorship of bourbons: The roots of the revolution can be traced back to the times of Louis X1V (1643-1715). He was through-going dictator. Though France gained importance in Europe during his time‚ the grandeur
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One form of opposition was serious because it undermined the royal supremacy and this type of opposition came largely from the clergy. This opposition had worrying potential to become serious because of the reputation of those who delivered it‚ for example More‚ who’s resistance was actually passive‚ did not actively deny the King’s title or offer any strong opposition to the regime
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clean. It was gradual‚ inconsistent‚ and variable from place to place. The Renaissance had its origins in Italy because a powerful merchant class arose in its cities that replaced the landed aristocracy and clergy as the leaders of society. This new class‚ along with many aristocrats and clergy‚ embraced humanist ideals. Generally speaking‚ humanism was a new worldly ideal to replace the medieval focus on eternal life. Humanism was founded on the idea that humanity is capable of greatness by its
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Radical Phase- a strong men from a radical group gains and assumes power * Convalescence Phase- revolution has a setback; moderate groups regain power * Estates: * First Estate: Clergy (less than 1% of population) * Upper Clergy: noble by birth/bishops * Lower Clergy: peasant class/priests * Second Estate: Nobility (less than 2% of population) * Privileged class * Absolute monarch would cause them to lose power * Third Estate:
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Did you know that Henry VIII had six wives? And killed two of them? Life with one belief and one religion would make a huge impact on the way people live today. That is exactly what King Henry VIII prevented by being the leader of the church. King Henry was the son of Henry VII of England. He was born at the royal residence‚ Greenwich Palace‚ on June 28‚ 1491. He became the king of England after his father died. He got married six times‚ murdered two of his wives. Henry was also the main instigator
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Revolution. They include: Louis XVI’s accession to the throne in 1774 amidst a serious financial crisis due to the French involvement in the Seven Years War and the participation of France in the American Revolution. A grossly unfair tax system with clergy and nobility exempted from many taxes and the burden of taxes falling on the poor. A farming crisis due to drought with the result that most people became desperate as bread shortages increased. Huge public anger at the extravagance and opulence
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monarch claimed total authority of the state. They were answerable to no one and their word was law. At that time‚ the social structure in France was in need of desperate reform. It was divided into three estates; the clergy‚ nobles and peasants. Each estate‚ especially the nobles and clergy‚ had its particular rights and privileges. There was no equality of taxation; the peasants were forced to pay the highest amounts while and the nobles were totally exempted. They were burdened with dues which limited
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