lab‚ caproic acid was synthesized in a multi-step process that involved the synthesis of three intermediates – diethyl n-butylmalonate‚ potassium n-butylmalonate‚ and n-butyl malonic acid respectively. An IR was used to characterize the starting material‚ n-bromobutane‚ and the first intermediate‚ diethyl n-butylmalonate; while IR and NMR were used to characterize the final product‚ caproic acid. Reactions‚ Mechanism and Theory Caproic acid a.k.a n-hexanoic acid is a carboxylic acid derived from
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Minerals-to-Metals Research Initiative‚ Department of Chemical Engineering‚ University of Cape Town‚ Private Bag‚ Rondebosch‚ 7701‚ South Africa a r t i c l e i n f o Available online 17 June 2010 Keywords: Acid mine drainage Prediction test Sulfide tailings a b s t r a c t Acid mine drainage (AMD) is formed by the microbially catalysed oxidation of sulfide minerals on exposure to moisture and air. It results in the ongoing contamination of water streams with acidity‚ sulfate and metal
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Concentration Problem Sets Do the following problems in your lab notebook. Be sure to specify the knowns & unknowns‚ the formulas used‚ show your work with labeled units and round you’re answers to the appropriate significant figures. 15-1 Molarity Problems: (M = moles/ liter ) 1. What is the molar concentration of a 415 ml solution containing 0.745 moles of HCl? (A: 1.80 M HCl) 2. What is the molar concentration of an acetic acid (CH3COOH) solution containing 3.21 moles in 4.50
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BUFFERS By: Luis P. Bazan‚ RPh.‚ Ph.D. A buffer solution is a solution of: 1. A weak acid or a weak base and 2. The salt of the weak acid or weak base Both must be present! A buffer solution has the ability to resist changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of either acid or base. Consider an equal molar mixture of CH3COOH and CH3COONa CH3COOH (aq) H+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq) Adding more acid creates a shift left IF enough acetate ions are present 16.3 Which of the following
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are several purposes to the amino acid lab experiment. One reason is to help us understand the concept of acids and bases and how they interact with one another. Another purpose is to understand what occurs when placed with the existence of buffers. Lastly‚ the experiment is to help us understand the applications of titrations and how it can be used in a real world setting‚ in this case‚ the identification of an amino acid. One must understand that amino acids all have special characteristics
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Anna Powell 2nd I.Title: Acid-Base Titrations AP Chemistry Laboratory #6 II.Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to standardize a sodium hydroxide solution and use the standard solution to titrate an unknown solid acid. The equivalent mass of the solid acid will be determined from the volume of sodium hydroxide added at the equivalence point. The equilibrium constant‚ Ks‚ of the solid acid will be calculated from the titration curve obtained by plotting the pH of the solution versus
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Worksheet - Acids‚ Bases and Salts 1. I am pure water. When heated my pH (increases‚ decreases)‚ because more of my water molecules dissociate. 2. I am a 0.020 M solution of weak acid‚ HA. If I only dissociate to the extent of 1.50%‚ what is the value of my Ka? 3. I am a 0.20 M solution of hydrocyanic acid‚ HCN‚ with a Ka of 4.93 x 10¯ 10 . What is my pH? 4. I am a buffer made from 0.10 M acetic acid and 0.15 M sodium acetate. If the Ka for acetic acid is 1.77 x 10¯ 5 ‚ what is my pH? 5. I am
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ETHERS Classification of Ethers: Symmetrical ethers – two groups attached to O are identical Ex. CH3CH2OCH2CH3 – diethyl ether Unsymmetrical ethers – two groups attached to O are not identical Ex. CH3CH2OCH3 – ethyl methyl ether Physical Properties of Ethers: Ethers have much lower boiling points compared to alcohols of comparable MWs. BPs of ethers increases with increasing MW. BPs of isomeric ethers increase with increasing alkyl chain length. BPs of ethers are about the
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Titration Lab A Titration is a process of the concentration of one solution being determined by its reaction with either a standard solution or a known quantity of solid dissolved in solution. It may also be used to calculate the molar mass of an unknown acid or base. Purpose: I. Prepare a standard solution of sodium hydroxide II. Standardize a sodium hydroxide solution by using potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) III. When given whether the acid is monoprotic‚ diprotic‚ or triprotic ‚ determine
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Hand-out 3: Market Concentration Specification Market concentration. Definition “’Market concentration’ is the degree to which the output of an industry is dominated by its largest producers.” In other words‚ how many of the sales in the market are accounted for by the biggest firms in that market. Firm Sales (£m) % Market Share A 56 B 43 C 22 D 12 E 3 F 1 Total 100% Calculate the 3 firm concentration ratio of this market. 3 firm concentration ratio = __________________________________________________________
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