CARBOXYLIC ACID Introduction: Organic compounds containing (–C(O)–OH) as a functional group are called carboxylic acids. The –C (O)-OH group which itself is made up of a carbonyl group (>C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) is called a carboxyl group (carb from carbonyl and oxyl from hydroxyl group). Carboxylic acid may be an aliphatic or an aromatic depending upon whether –C–OH is attached to an alkyl group ( or a hydrogen atom) or an aryl group. Their general formulas are; ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID: R–C
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inevitable laziness that ensues with the internet at their fingertips. Unnecessary frivolities of the human mind‚ as well as the weakened ambition to acquire knowledge. Ray Bradbury explicitly stated in his short story‚ August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains (1950)‚ that technology would be humankind’s downfall. Nevertheless‚ he is objectively incorrect in his assumption‚ as technological advancements have improved living conditions for people around the world. Ordinarily‚ parents and guardians would
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Acid Property #1: The word acid comes from the Latin word acere‚ which means "sour." All acids taste sour. Well known from ancient times were vinegar‚ sour milk and lemon juice. Aspirin (scientific name: acetylsalicylic acid) tastes sour if you don’t swallow it fast enough. Other languages derive their word for acid from the meaning of sour. So‚ in France‚ we have acide. In Germany‚ we have säure from saure and in Russia‚ kislota from kisly. Base Property #1: The word "base" has a more complex
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Lauric Acid Lauric acid‚ also known as Dodecanoic Acid‚ was discovered in 1849 by Marrsson T. It was first discovered in Lauraceae seeds‚ but it is also commonly found in soaps‚ vegetable oil‚ coconut oil‚ and breast milk. Lauric Acid is a clear‚ solid compound that is insoluble in water. It also comes in the form of a white powdery substance. The chemical formula is C12H24O2. It has a molecular weight of 200.32 g/mol. Lauric Acid also has a melting point of 44 C and a boiling point of 289.9
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the concentration of the acid solution changes the rate of the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and magnesium metal. • As the metal reacts with the acid‚ hydrogen gas is produced and the metal dissolves. To get an estimate of the rate of reaction‚ the time taken for a small piece of magnesium ribbon to dissolve (disappear) can be measured. This is a “clock reaction” and the reaction rate is proportional to 1/time taken SAFETY Dilute hydrochloric acid is harmful. Wear safety spectacles
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GIVEN: TO DESIGN A 1000TPD CAPACITY H2SO4 ACID PLANT BASIS: 1 HOUR OF OPERATION. PURITY: PRODUCT WHICH IS TO BE MANUFACTURED IS ASSUMED TO HAVE STRENGTH OF 98% ACID. 1000TPD implies that we have Acid 1000 x 10 / 24 = 41666.67 Kg/Hr of 3 With 98% purity‚ the acid that is produced per hour = (98 x 41666.67) / 100 = 40833.34 Kg/Hr Kmoles of Sulfuric acid to be produced = 40833.34 / 98 = 416.667 Kmoles/Hr It’s assumed that overall absorption of the acid is 100 % = 416.667 / 1.0 Then‚ SO3 required
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on biological thinking as the discovery of base-pairing in nucleic acids. These complementariness principles do not only underlie current ideas on the structure of the nucleic acids‚ but they form the foundation of all speculations‚ more or less well- founded‚ on their physical properties (denaturation‚ hypochromic- ity‚ etc.)‚ on the transfer of biological information from deoxy- ribonucleic acid to ribonucleic acid‚ and on the role of the latter in directing the synthesis of specific
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MANUFACTURE OF ACRYLIC ACID BY PARTIAL OXIDATION OF PROPYLENE Submitted by‚ P.V.R.Krishna Prasad. M.Prem Kumar. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We hereby place our sincere thanks to Dr.R.KARTHIKEYAN‚ Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering ‚ Faculty of Engineering and Technology‚ S.R.M University and the faculty members of Chemical Engineering Department for their full hearted co-operation and encouragement for the completion of this project. We extend our thanks to our Project guide Mr
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NUCLEIC ACIDS I.BASIC CONCEPTS II.CLASSES III.CHEMICAL NATURE IV.FUNCTION I.BASIC CONCEPTS NUCLEIC ACIDS polymeric macromolecules‚ or large biological molecules‚ essential for all known forms of life are made from monomers known as nucleotides Each nucleotide has three components: a 5-carbon sugar‚ a phosphate group‚ and a nitrogenous base If the sugar is deoxyribose‚ the polymer is DNA. If the sugar is ribose‚ the polymer is RNA. Together with proteins‚ nucleic acids are the most
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BENZOIC ACID & BENZOATES (210 –218) • Retards growth of bacteria and yeasts • Occurs naturally in many foods – a similar distribution to salicylate (but at a lower dose than as an additive) • Common food sources: Soft drink‚ cordial‚ fruit juice and cider Liquid essences and syrups Iceblocks‚ jelly‚ low joule jam‚ dips‚ pickles‚ olives Fish marinades and preserves • PABA (para-amino-benzoic-acid)
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