Preview

acrylic acid

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
9543 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
acrylic acid
MANUFACTURE OF ACRYLIC ACID
BY PARTIAL OXIDATION OF
PROPYLENE

Submitted by,
P.V.R.Krishna Prasad.
M.Prem Kumar.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We hereby place our sincere thanks to Dr.R.KARTHIKEYAN, Head of the
Department of Chemical Engineering , Faculty of Engineering and Technology, S.R.M
University and the faculty members of Chemical Engineering Department for their full hearted co-operation and encouragement for the completion of this project.

We extend our thanks to our Project guide Mr. K.SELVAM M.Tech for the Motivation, encouragement and guidance provided. We would also like to extend our thanks to each and everyone who have helped us in completing this project successfully.

ABSTRACT
This project deals with the manufacture of acrylic acid from propylene by oxidation of propylene. Acrylic acid is a colorless liquid with an irritating acrid odor at room temperature and pressure. Acrylic acid is used primarily as a starting material in the production of acrylic esters; as a monomer for polyacrylic acid and salts, as a comonomer with acrylamide for polymers used as flocculants, with ethylene for ion exchange resin polymers, with methyl ester for polymers.

A detailed process flow sheet, Material Balance, Energy Balance, have been prepared. A detailed design of equipments, Cost estimation for plants, plant layout and safety aspects have been discussed.

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION

4

2. PROPERTIES AND USES

6

3. VARIOUS PROCESS

12

4. PROCESS DESCRIPTION

15

5. MATERIAL BALANCE

20

6. ENERGY BALANCE

30

7. EQUIPMENT DESIGN

39

8. COST ESTIMATION AND ECONOMICS

61

9. POLLUTION CONTROL AND SAFETY

68

10. SITE CONSIDERATION AND PLANT LAYOUT

75

11. CONCLUSION

79

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY

82

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
Acrylic acid and its derivatives are primarily used in the preparation of solution and emulsion polymers. The objective of this project is to design an acrylic acid

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Synthesize isopentyl acetate by combining isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid and sulfuric acid and then heating the reaction mixture under reflux for an hour. The alcohol is the limiting reactant, so it should be weighed/ the acids can be measured by volume. The esterification reaction is reversible, and it has an equilibrium constant of approximately 4.2. A pure component can be obtained from a mixture by separating it from all other components of the mixture, using procedures that take advantage of differences in solubility, boiling points, acid-base properties, and other characteristics of the components. Because isopentyl acetate is a liquid, the separation and purification operations will differ from those used previously for solid products. The water that forms during the reaction will be separated from the ester along with the wash liquids. Any traces of water that remain are then removed by a drying agent, either magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate. Because isopentyl alcohol has a lower boiling point than that of isopentyl acetate, and the by-products have higher boiling points, it should be possible- in principle- to remove the alcohol and by-products from the ester by distillation. Isopentyl alcohol should distill first, followed by the ester, and any by-products should remain behind in the pot-the vessel in which the reaction mixture is boiled.…

    • 1073 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    is Ammonia. The chemical provided was an Aqueous Ammonia solution of NH4OH. When holding up…

    • 858 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Polyurethane Analysis

    • 666 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The first polyurethane synthesised by Dr Otto Bayer, in 1937, at IG Farbenindustrie Germany, by the reaction of a polyester diol with a diisocyanate, opened a new way in macromolecular chemistry: that is the synthesis of polymers by a new reaction, called polyaddition reaction. Polyurethane (PUR and PU) is any polymer composed of a chain of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links. Polyurethane polymers are formed through step-growth polymerization, by reacting a monomer (with at least two isocyanate functional groups) with another monomer (with at least two hydroxyl or alcohol groups) in the presence of a catalyst. Polyurethanes, having a relatively short history, of slightly more than 70 years, became one of the most dynamic groups…

    • 666 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Isopentyl Acetate

    • 1448 Words
    • 6 Pages

    The purpose of this experiment is to prepare isopentyl acetate by direct esterification of acetic acid with isopentyl alcohol. After refluxing there is an isolation procedure where excess acetic acid and remaining isopentyl alcohol are easily removed by extraction with sodium bicarbonate and water. The ester is then purified by simple distillation and the IR is then obtained.…

    • 1448 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Many reagents were used in this experiment. For the stacking gel and resolving gel, the APS and TEMED were added at the end because they polymerize the gel immediately. Ammonium Persulfate (APS) is an oxidizing substance that is used along TEMED to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide. It instructs polymerization. TEMED hurries the formation rate of the free radicals from persulfate and these in turn catalyze polymerization. The persulfate free radicals switch acrylamide monomers to free radicals, which react with incapacitated monomers to arise the polymerization chain reaction. Both APS and TEMED are used to make the reaction faster.…

    • 99 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Excel Case

    • 1722 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Acrylamide is a chemical used mainly in certain industrial processes, such as in producing paper, dyes, and plastics, and in treating drinking water and wastewater. It is found in small amounts in some consumer products, such as caulk, food packaging, and some adhesives. Acrylamide is also found in cigarette smoke.…

    • 1722 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Model Potash Plant Design

    • 19635 Words
    • 79 Pages

    PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE FROM COCOA HUSK ASH A Process Engineering Project Report Presented to the Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi By AMANING OSEI EMMANUEL…

    • 19635 Words
    • 79 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Photo chemical machining is an engineering production technique for the manufacture of burr free and stress free flat metal components by selective chemical etching through a photographically produced mask.…

    • 5594 Words
    • 23 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Limiting And Excess

    • 198 Words
    • 1 Page

    1. Adipic acid, H2C6H8O4, is a raw material used for the production of nylon. It is made commercially by a controlled reaction between cyclohexane, C6H12, and O2:…

    • 198 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION PLANT FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING SOLID CATALYST CaO/SrO/ZnO…

    • 258 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Gas Absorption

    • 1447 Words
    • 6 Pages

    OBJECTIVE: To calculate rate of absorption of carbon dioxide into water from analysis of liquid solutions flowing down the absorption column. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: Absorption refers to the transfer of a gaseous component from the gas phase to a liquid phase. The liquid surface area available for mass transfer and the time available for diffusion of the gaseous molecules into the liquid are important factors affecting performance. Absorption can be divided into two broad classifications: straight dissolution of absorbate (contaminant gas) into absorbent (liquid), and dissolution accompanied by irreversible chemical reaction. The gaseous contaminant being absorbed (absorbate) must be at least slightly soluble in the scrubbing liquid (absorbent). Mass transfer to the liquid continues until the liquid approaches saturation. At saturation, equilibrium is established between the two phases. The mass transfer rate of the contaminant into the liquid is equal to the mass transfer rate of the dissolved species back into the gas phase. Accordingly, the solubility of the contaminant in the liquid creates a limit to the amount of pollutant removal that can occur with a given quantity of liquid. This solubility limit can be overcome by providing reactants in the liquid phase that react with the dissolved gas contaminant, forming a dissolved compound that cannot exit the liquid. In this experiment, the performance of a packed gas-liquid absorption column is evaluated. A water steam entering the top of the column and exiting the bottom is used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) gas from air. The CO2 composition of the inlet…

    • 1447 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Alkaline and Acid

    • 313 Words
    • 2 Pages

    | An acid is a chemical substance any of various typically water soluble and sour compounds that are capable of reacting with a base to for a salt, that redden litmus paper, that evolve hydrogen on reaction with various metals, that in water solution yield hydrogen ions, and that have hydrogen containing molecules or ions able to give up a proton to a base or that are substances able to accept and unshared pair of electrons from a base. An alkaline is a chemical compound that neutralizes or effervesces with acids and turns litmus blue; it’s a corrosive substance. Two similarities between acid and alkaline is that they are sour and they each changes litmus paper into another color than it was originally was. The differences between an acid and an alkaline are that acids have a Ph scale of any numbers below 7 and alkaline is from any numbers that is 7 or greater. I have searched three examples of acids they are: Sulfuric, Nitric, Citric acid. Sulfuric acid is used in alcohol, paper, glue, rubber, paints, dyes, fertilizers, and plastics. Nitric acid is mostly used in explosives, fertilizers, dyes, perfumes, nitrate salts, and nitro glycerin. And citric acid is most commonly used in foods, A preservative- it is added to food to keep them preserved and protects against mold. It is also used in photography- It allows the pictures to lighten in a dark room. Also have searched on Three examples of alkaline they are as follows: NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide), NH3 (Ammonia) and KOH (Potassium Hydroxide). : NaOH is used for mostly to clean. Like drains. NH3 is mainly used for vehicle fuel, textile or even a poison treatment. And last but not least KOH, this alkali is used for food preparation, medical test and etc. I have learned that mostly everything around us is contained by either alkaline or acid.…

    • 313 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Chalk

    • 446 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Alkynes are colorless and insoluble in water. The lower the members of alkynes (acetylene, allylene, and crotonylene) are gases. The homology from carbon number 5 to 15 (C5H8 to C15 H28) are liquid and the higher members are solid. Acetylene possesses a pleasant odor when pure. The impure acetylene contains phosphine, hydrogen sulphide etc and hence smells bad. Acetylene can be liqiufied at 0°C under 48 Torrs of pressure. The melting point of Acetylene is -81.8°C and boiling point -83.4°C. It is slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents like alcohol and acetone. Acetylene under suitable conditions decomposes with evolution of a lot of heat and sudden increase in volume, which causes explosion. Hence liquid acetylene is highly explosive.…

    • 446 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    naturat fiber

    • 4853 Words
    • 20 Pages

    J Polym Environ (2007) 15:25–33 DOI 10.1007/s10924-006-0042-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Chemical Treatments of Natural Fiber for Use in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Review Xue Li Æ Lope G. Tabil Æ Satyanarayan Panigrahi Published online: 4 January 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006 Abstract Studies on the use of natural fibers as replacement to man-made fiber in fiber-reinforced composites have increased and opened up further industrial possibilities. Natural fibers have the advantages of low density, low cost, and biodegradability. However, the main disadvantages of natural fibers in composites are the poor compatibility between fiber and matrix and the relative high moisture sorption.…

    • 4853 Words
    • 20 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Two primary requirements that an acid must meet to be acceptable as a treating fluid:…

    • 1822 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays