subjective approach of different courts。 In my opinion an intermediary position between both solutions is the perfect way to establish and ensure justice and equity. There have to be fixed punishment for all crimes. However‚ criminal laws have to provide for a minimum and maximum for the punishment and the laws also have to foresee certain cases of exemptions. An example for setting minimum and maximum penalties is Competition Law where a person being held liable of a crime under this law will be convicted
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Debt versus Equity Financing Debt financing versus equity financing‚ which financing has more advantages over the other financing. Debt vs. equity financing is the most vital decision a manager will face when determining the needed capital to fund his or her business operations. Both types of financing are the main sources of capital that is available to a business. Both types of financing have advantages and disadvantages when a manager or owner is trying to raise capital. Debt Financing Debt
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Adams’ Equity Theory Balancing Employee Inputs and Outputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If you pay "peanuts"‚ you may get "monkeys". © iStockphoto/RedBarnStudio Adams’ Equity Theory calls for a fair balance to be struck between an employee’s inputs (hard work‚ skill level‚ tolerance‚ enthusiasm‚ and so on) and an employee’s outputs (salary‚ benefits‚ intangibles such as recognition‚and so on). According to the theory‚ finding this
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When the cash flows are uniform The cost of a proposal is $ 10‚000. The cash flows are as follows: Year Cash flows 1 2500 2 2500 3 2500 4 2500 5 2500 6 2500 Calculate Pay Back Period (PBP) When the cash flows are not uniform 1. There are two Proposals. Proposal A and Proposal B. Both cost the amount of $ 60‚000. The discount rate is 10%. The cash flows before depreciation and tax are as follows: Year Proposal A Proposal B $ $ 0
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disadvantages of using those sources of debt financing over the equity financing for the company. 5 3.0 Question 3: Distinguish between money and capital markets‚ and evaluate any two types of securities traded in the money markets‚ respectively 8 4.0 References 11 1.0 Question 1: Critically comment on the sources of long term funds used by the company to finance its operations The year 2013 annual report of Hup Seng Industries Bhd showed that Hup Seng company uses equity issuing and
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creating brand equity Creating brand equity Marketers build brand quality by creating the right brand knowledge structures with the right consumers. Building brand equity 3 sets of brand equity drivers. -Initial choices for the brand elements or identities making up the brand (brand names‚ URLs‚ logos‚ symbols‚ -product and service and all accompanying marketing activities and supporting marketing programs – way brand is integrated into supporting marketing program -associations indirectly
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are primarily concerned with harmoniously working out problems without causing interpersonal frictions‚ such nemawashi is employed as simply informal lobbying to gain consensus before action. A complete consensus is essential and this is achieved by using the process of “ringi”. Everyone stamped his chop on a piece of paper called “ringsho”‚ a formal meeting can be called to discuss the issue very formally. No one usually says anything negative at this meeting. Why?‚ this is largely due to the extensive
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should also consider what taking on these programs would do to its capital structure. They might have a certain debt to equity ratio they wish to maintain‚ or perhaps there would be covenants put on their contracts requiring them to maintain a certain debt to equity ratio while their loan was outstanding. Ameritrade should use a 6.10% risk free rate when calculating its cost of capital. This is the average of the 20 year bond annualized yield to maturity (on August 31‚ 1997) and the long term
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Justice and Social Equity William D. Towah Walden University Justice and Social Equity The Concept of Justice and Social Equity In order to bring about balance system of government‚ where all citizens will enjoy equal rights and opportunities‚ society must aspire to ensure that the civil and human rights of all individuals be protected and preserved regardless of cultural‚ social and demographic orientation of persons (Justice as a Virtue). In this light‚ the role of individual citizens
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Cost of Debt and Cost of Equity: Cost of Debt is the interest rate and the Cost of Equity is the expected rate of return demanded by investors in the firm’s common stock. The issue at hand is finding the correct costs of debt and equity in order to find an accurate calculation of WACC. Cohen used the 20-year yield on U.S. Treasuries as the risk free rate‚ which we found to be the correct figure given that Nike Inc. debt was valued over 25 years. Because there is no other given yield that is comparable
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