immoral‚ even if done to promote some other good (e.g.‚ stealing food to feed a starving family)‚ and even if it does in the end promote such a good. Moral absolutism stands in contrast to other categories of normative ethical theories such as consequentialism‚ which holds that the morality (in the wide sense) of an act depends on the consequences or the context of the act. Moral absolutism is not the same as moral universalism (also called moral objectivism). Universalism holds
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to quiet controversy by combining act and rule utilitarianism in daily life in such a way that internal moral standards are satisfied and overall good is promoted. Kymlicka stays firm in his opposition to Hare’s theories and shuns the idea of consequentialism having intrinsic value greater than that of intuitive moral standards. Hare’s process of critical thinking combined with intuitionism leads to a flawless conclusion based on systematic procedure that will benefit the most people in the long term
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2 Business Ethics Utilitarianism is a type of theory that was developed to come up with a proper course of action that maximizes the joy of the stakeholders involved. While consequentialism is defined as the view that value of an action derives solely from the value of its consequences. Today‚ consequentialism is the form that usually takes form. Utilitarianism tries to evaluate the moral worth of an action after one has considered the actual consequences‚ the foreseen consequences‚ and
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In the field of ethics‚ both deontological and consequentialist theories are used to assess the morality of human actions. While a deontologist might argue‚ for instance‚ that torture is an innately evil exercise and therefore unjustifiable‚ a consequentialist might find it ethical to torture a terrorist if this action causes the terrorist to reveal information that saves the lives of hundreds of citizens. In international relations‚ this divide manifests itself in the debate as to whether morality
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The biggest criticism of Virtue Ethics is that it doesn’t give clear guidance on how to act in specific circumstances. It cannot tell us what the law should be about abortion‚ euthanasia‚ pre-implantation genetic diagnosis etc. It gives no clear answer to questions such as ’Is the environment intrinsically valuable?’. The lack of moral rules or a method of addressing dilemmas is the main conceren here‚ but there is also uncertainty about how you decide on what the virtues are. Many critics say Virtue
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(2003) A Handbook of Human Resource Practice‚ 9th ed.‚ Kogan Page Limited 7) Armstrong‚ M 8) Armstrong‚ M. (2006). HRM Processes. In: A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. 10th ed. London: Kogan Page Limited. p148-156. 9) BBC. (2004). Consequentialism. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/consequentialism_1.shtml. Last accessed 30th March 2015 10) Beugré‚ C 11) Business Teacher. (2015). Fairness And Ethical Hiring Practices.Available: http://www.businessteacher.org.uk/essays/business/fairness-and-ethical-hiring-practices
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The actions Merck undertook when marketing Vioxx and emphasizing its safety even after finding out the product’s side effects endangered all its key stakeholders and showed the real face of the company that accented its highly ethical maxims. Cardiovascular side effects of the Vioxx increased the risk of complications that could have caused patient’s death‚ therefore Merck violated the basic right to life of all the Vioxx consumers. It was already mentioned that Vioxx caused 3468 deaths by heart
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in normative ethics. It may‚ initially‚ be identified as the one that emphasizes the virtues‚ or moral character‚ in contrast to the approach which emphasizes duties or rules (deontology) or that which emphasizes the consequences of actions (consequentialism). A virtue ethicist is likely to give you this kind of moral advice: “Act as a virtuous person would act in your situation.” 3. Aristotle’s Principle of Distributive Justice Distributive justice concerns the nature of a socially just allocation
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Individual: single; separate. Existentialism: a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will. Consequentialism: the doctrine that the morality of an action is to be judged solely by its consequences. Nihilism: the rejection of all religious and moral principles‚ often in the belief that life is meaningless. Absurdity: the quality or state of being ridiculous or wildly unreasonable
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University Of Phoenix Material ETHICS THEORIES TABLE Directions: Fill in the brief definitions and sub-theories of each ethical theory‚ and match the real-world examples listed below the table to the corresponding theories. Finally‚ come up with your own workplace example that fits each theory. Ethical Theory Brief Definition Sub-theories Real-world Example Workplace Example Duty-based Ethics Deontological ethics is the focus on rightness or wrongness of the action itself rather than the consequences
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