building - they have a total of 19 brands; up from just 11 in 2000. Some of the brands include: Pepsi-Cola brands‚ Frito-Lay brands‚ Gatorade brands‚ Tropicana brands‚ and Quaker brands. Research and development – they increased investments in sweetener technologies‚ next-generation processing and packaging and nutrition products. Emerging markets infrastructure - they increased selling and delivery systems by putting more coolers in the market and adding route and distribution capacity ahead of growth
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A process costing system is a costing system in which the cost of a product or service is obtained by assigning costs to masses of like or similar units. Unit costs are then calculated on an average basis. Process costing systems are used in industries that produce like or similar units which are often mass produced. In these industries‚ products are manufactured in a very similar way. The companies usually use the same amount of direct materials‚ direct manufacturing labor costs and manufacturing
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MARGINAL COSTING Introduction Even a school-going student knows that profit is a balancing figure of sales over costs‚ i.e. Sales - Cost = Profit. This knowledge is not sufficient for management for discharging the functions of planning and control‚ etc. The cost is further divided according to its behavior‚ i.e.‚ fixed cost and variable cost. The age-old equation can be written as: Sales - Cost = Profit or Sales - (Fixed cost + Variable Cost) = Profit. The relevance of segregating costs
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The story of PEPSI In 1899‚ pharmacist Celeb Bradham started the company known as „Brad’s drink” in New Jersey. He discovered new drink in his pharmacy and decides to launch it in the market. At this time‚ he had no registered brand name‚ which turned out to be positive‚ as he soon realized that his company needs another name In 1902 the brand name was registered‚ one year after incorporating „Pepsi Cola Company”. In 1905 Pepsi had first logo change. Than it has been changing several times
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Pepsi Max 1 problem identification: Introducing new low calorie and sugar free soft drink and consumers are unaware of it‚ but they are aware of Pepsi brand in the market 2 target audience: Geographic: Land: world wide Demographic: Age: 15-35 Gender: males who want to stay healthy Psychographic: Social status: upper / middle / lower SWOT analysis Strength Pepsi has stayed in this market for almost one century. So they are so experienced and stationed in
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they do not make a difference between those costs that are fixed‚ and those that are variable. As a result‚ management became obligated to rely on the alternative variable costing method which provides better information for managerial accounting purposes. Although it is not allowed for external reporting‚ the variable costing method is preferred by managers because it generates great tools for internal decision making purposes CITATION Nat76 \l 1033 (Accountants‚ 1976). Introduction Accounting
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METHODS OF COST ACCOUNTING INTRODUCTION The Meaning of Cost Cost is a measure of the sacrifice or forgoing of a scarce resource to achieve a specific objective. An organization sacrifices scarce resources‚ i.e. the purchase cost‚ in order to obtain other resources. A cost is usually measured in terms of money paid to acquire goods or services. One can observe that the term cost is rarely used without an adjective in front of it. The term ‘Cost’ has multiple meanings and different types of costs
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TERM PAPER STANDARD COSTING MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING & CONTROL SYSTEM Srinidhi Rangarajan 1PB11MBA34 3rd SEM M.B.A PESIT ABSTRACT In recent years‚ numerous tools such as activity-based costing‚ the balanced score card and target costing have gained prominence in the business community. Nonetheless‚ traditional management accounting continues to be prevalent in practice. One example is standard costing‚ which has been used on a wide front during
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BACKFLUSH COSTING Definition of Backflush Costing : A streamlined cost accounting method that speeds up‚ simplifies‚ and reduces accounting effort in an environment that minimizes inventory balances‚ requires few allocations‚ uses standard costs‚ and has minimal variances from standard Product costing approach‚ used in a just - intime (jit) operating environment‚ in which costing is delayed until goods are finished. Standard costs are then flushed backward through the system to assign
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DL hrs $75 $ 280 × $ 435 Req. 5 The single plantwide rate undercosts Job 450 and undercosts Job 455. Since Donovan sets the sales price at 125% of cost‚ and the job cost is affected by the allocation system used‚ the sales price will be affected by the allocation system used. (15-20 min.) E 4-23A Req. 1 West Horizon Computation of Cost Allocation Rates Activity Materials handling Machine setup Insertion Finishing Total Activity Overhead (est.) $13‚200 $ 5‚200
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