held out to all who should discover any new refinement in luxury‚ the profits arising from which were secured to the inventor by patent for the space of a year.” (Anthon，1841) That means if you create something in luxury‚ you could get profit from the sale in one year. With the development of society‚ people began to use paper to record patent. In 1449‚ John of Utynam got a letter patent. This patent gave him a twenty-years monopoly which helped him to protect his new glass-making process. At that time
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have done above is a “full-cost” analysis. This is in contrast to a “direct-cost” analysis that ignores overhead costs. Is full cost the right metric for job profitability and customer profitability? What assumptions are we making about the variability of overhead costs when we do a “full-cost” analysis? By allocating the overhead costs to jobs and customers there is an implicit assumption that these are variable with the cost driver. In reality‚ some of the overhead costs are fixed‚ at least in the
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Plant overhead $122‚000 D/L rate/hour $30 Youngstown has a traditional cost system. It calculates a plant-wide overhead rate by dividing total overhead costs by total direct labor hours. Assume‚ for the calculations below‚ that plant overhead is a committed (fixed) cost during the year‚ but that direct labor is a variable cost. 1. Calculate the plant-wide overhead rate. Use this rate to assign overhead costs to products and calculate the profitability of the four products. The assignment
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products. Chuck questioned if the current cost-management system was providing the management with accurate data about product costs. In a traditional‚ volume-based product-costing system‚ only a single predetermine overhead rate is used. All manufacturing-overhead costs are combined into one cost pool‚ a grouping of individual indirect cost items‚ and they are applied to products on the basis of a single variable that costs over a given time span (cost driver) that is closely related to production
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Do Pure Monopolies Exist? ECO 100: Survey of Contemporary Economic Issues May 26‚ 2014 Do Pure Monopolies Exist? The topic of conversation in regards to monopolies and their existence is the objective of this paper. In order to come to any real conclusion on the topic‚ we must first come to understand the true meaning of the word “monopoly.” This paper will also examine if “pure monopoly” can even actually exist considering no firm is completely sheltered from rivals and all firms compete
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maximize his or her total utility and has have very little influence over the price of goods. A monopoly is a market structure in which there is only one producer/seller for a product. In other words‚ the single business is the industry. Entry into such a market is restricted due to high costs or other impediments‚ which may be economic‚ social or political. For instance‚ a government can create a monopoly over an industry that it wants to control‚ such as electricity. Another reason for the barriers
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behaviour‚ it was in their advantage to collude and set the price and their individual outputs at levels that would maximize their joint profits. This situation (illustrated in Appendix‚ 1.1)‚ shows the demand curve‚ given by DD‚ as the individual firm ’s share of the market demand under circumstances where the two firms are identical with respect to size and costs of production. To understand this behaviour of the collusive duopolies‚ a mathematical tool called ‘Game Theory’ is used. The classic example
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CHAPTER 9 PROFIT PLANNING AND BUDGETING Questions‚ Exercises‚ Problems‚ and Cases: Answers and Solutions 9.1 See text or glossary at the end of the book. 9.2 A cost center is a responsibility center in which management is responsible only for costs. In a profit center‚ management is responsible for both costs and revenues. 9.3 An investment center is a responsibility center in which management is responsible for managing costs‚ revenues‚ and assets. A profit center is not responsible
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established to help the consumers and create competition‚ which create lower prices for products and services (Department of Justice‚ 2017 ). One of the three Antitrust Acts‚ the Sherman Act outlaws monopolies. There are currently two cases the Justice Department is working with that deal with monopolies‚ AMC’s acquisition of Carmike Cinemas and Foreign Exchange Dealers coming together to commit a Conspiracy. Both cases are interesting and have everything to do with anticompetitive behaviors leading
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40‚000 | | 100‚000 | | 404 | | | | 20‚000 | 20‚000 | 40‚000 | | 405 | | | | | 20‚000 | 20‚000 | | Total | 90‚000 | 120‚000 | 90‚000 | 60‚000 | 40‚000 | 400‚000 | 2 Physical Measures Method | Produced | Proportion | Joint Cost Allocation | Unit Cost | 401 | 90‚000 | (90‚000/400‚000)0.225 or 22.5% | (200‚000 x 0.225)45‚000 | (45‚000/90‚000)0.5 | 402 | 120‚000 | (120‚000/400‚000)0.3 or 30% | (200‚000 x 0.3)60‚000 | (60‚000/120‚000)0.5 | 403 | 90‚000 | (90‚000/400‚000)0.225 or 22.5%
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