other substances. • Chemical bonds are broken and reformed • Group 1 – alkali metals (light blue) • Group 2 – alkaline earth metals (yellow) • Group 17 – halogens (pale yellow) • Group 18 – noble gases (green) • Groups 1‚2‚ 13-18 are the “Main Group” elements • Groups 3-12 are the transition metals (purple) • Left Side of PT table loses electrons‚ right side gains them. • Covalent bonds formed between different elements are polar. • In a molecule with covalent bonding‚ atoms are held together
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shell model for the elements carbon‚ oxygen‚ sodium and chloride? 7. What does inert mean? 8. Define chemical bond‚ molecule‚ compounds‚ and mixture. (Give examples) 9. Write a chemical equation and indicated the products and reactants. 10. What is an ion? 11. Describe the following bonds (use examples): ionic bond‚ polar covalent bond‚ nonpolar covalent bond‚ and hydrogen bond. 12. What are the properties of water? Describe each property being sure to include the following terms: hydrophobic
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types‚ electrophilic addition and nucleophilic addition. An electrophilic reaction is when the pi bond of a molecule is removed to make two covalent bonds that are bonded to two new molecules. A nucleophillic addition is a reaction that removed the pi bond from a molecule and adds covalent bonds with two new compounds. Halogenation or most commonly known as bromination is a reaction that breaks a pi bond and adds a halogen or in this case‚ a bromine to the molecule. This addition of the bromine
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* Compound – molecule containing at least 2 kinds of atoms (e.g. H2O) * Chemical Bonds * Ionic Bond * One atom gains electrons‚ one atom loses electrons * Bond strength = 5-10 kcal/mol * Cations – atom that loses electrons (+) Anions – atom that gains electrons (-) * Covalent Bond * Two or more atoms share electrons * Electrons behave as if they belong to each atom * Bond strength =
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Mapua Institute of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Muralla St.‚ Intramuros‚ Manila Melting Point and Boiling Point of Organic Compounds Group No. 5 Manacup‚ Cris Vincent L. Oblena‚ Adrian D. Ong‚ Joshua Jyro B.* *Leader ABSTRACT In compounds‚ two of the physical properties affected by the varying structures are melting point and boiling point. Through the use of the Thomas-Hoover Melting Point Apparatus or the micro method‚ the melting and boiling point of
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configuration group 4‚ 2.4‚ forms covalent compounds | * describe the structure of the diamond and graphite allotropes and account for their physical properties in terms of bondingdiamond- 4 bonded pairs‚ tetrahedral‚ giant covalent lattice (high melting pint‚ hard‚ doesn’t conduct‚ insoluble- strong rigid bonds)graphite- layer structure‚ no bonds between layers‚ bonds with three- one free electron( can conduct‚ soft‚ low density‚ insoluble- free electron‚ no bond between layers strong within)
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neutralization * How do u prepare a 0.1m standard na2co3 solution * Describe the method of extraction of magnesium from its ore. * How does the atomic radius vary in period or in a group * Explain the formation of double bond triple bond coordinate covalent bond * Define ionization energy and mention the factors that influence it * State and explain with an example hunds rule of maximum multiplicity * State and explain with an example aufbau principle * Explain the formation
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Topic 6 Microscopic World II Unit 23 Shapes of molecules Unit 24 Bond polarity and intermolecular forces Key C o ncepts Microscopic World II Shapes of molecules • Covalent molecules with non-octet structures • Shapes of molecules • The VSEPR theory • Molecular crystals of buckminsterfullerene (C60) • Carbon nanotubes Bond polarity and intermolecular forces • Electronegativity and bond polarity • Van der Waals’ forces • Factors affecting the strength
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elements are chemically combined. b) Chemical bonding involves either transferring or sharing electrons in the highest occupied energy levels (shells) of atoms in order to achieve the electronic structure of a noble gas. c) When atoms form chemical bonds by transferring electrons‚ they form ions. Atoms that lose electrons become positively charged ions. Atoms that gain electrons become negatively charged ions. Ions have the electronic structure of a noble gas (Group 0). d) The elements in Group
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Lewis Structures of covalent molecules (and also polyatomic ions). 1. Determine the Number of valence electrons in the Lewis Structure: One of the easiest ways to start drawing a Lewis Structure is to make a list of each atom in the structure and next to each atom record how many valence electrons it has and how many it needs to fill its valence shell. In covalent bonding the valence electrons in the molecule come from the valence electrons in the atoms that formed the bond. a. The
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