The Grammar-Translation Method As “modern” languages began to enter the curriculum of European schools in the eighteenth century‚ they were taught using the same basic procedures that were used for teaching Latin. Textbooks consisted of statements of abstract grammar rules‚ lists of vocabulary‚ and sentences for translation. Speaking the foreign language was not the goal‚ and oral practice was limited to students reading aloud the sentences they had translated. These sentences were constructed to
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10 Diet and Exercise Tips from Athletes Whether you’re ramping up your diet and exercise for bikini season‚ or you just want to be as healthy as you can be‚ look no further - we’ve got a plan for you‚ courtesy of professional athletes like Olympic swimmer Natalie Coughlin‚ Olympic gymnast Shawn Johnson‚ pro boxer Cara Castronuova‚ and pro soccer player Leslie Osborne (and a must-read tip from Serena Williams). Your best bet for getting bikini ready in time for Summer? Thinking like a pro. Approach
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LECTURE 1 GRAMMAR IN THE SYSTEMIC CONCEPTION OF LANGUAGE 1. The definition of language. The distinction between language and speech. Language as a semiotic system: its functions‚ elements and structure. Lingual elements (units) as signs. Segmental and supra-segmental lingual units. 2. The levels оf lingual units‚ their structural and functional features. Hierarchical relations between units of different levels. Language and speech levels. Primary and secondary levels. 3. General principles
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FOUNDATIONS IN GENERATIVE GRAMMAR Any native speaker of a language can be said to know the grammar of his/her own language‚ they know how to form and interpret any expression. However‚ this grammatical knowledge is subconscious. Native speaker have grammatical competence in their native language. This means that they have tacit knowledge of the grammar of their own lang. We have to make a difference between competence (the fluent native speaker’s tacit knowledge of his lang) and performance (what
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Introduction………………………………………………………………………...3 Chapter I……………………………………………………………………………7 Theoretical aspects of teaching grammar games.......................................................7 1.1. The advantages of using games…………………………………………7 1.2. The adequacy in using games…………………………………………...9 1.3. Learning grammar through games…………………………………….12 Chapter II……………………………………………………………………….....17 Samples of grammar games……………………………………………………….17 2.1. Games with prepositions………………………………………………..17 2.2. Conditionals
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Elbaum‚ Sandra. 2001. Grammar in Context 3rd ed. Boston: Heinle & Heinle Publishers. Grammar in Context by Sandra N. Elbaum is an interesting approach to teaching grammar. Elbaum encases grammar in a much more useful mantle by using real life examples of U.S. culture and history. Grammar is an important part of language‚ but it is technical‚ abstract‚ and boring. In order for a text to engage a student it must be interesting and relevant to their lives. I think Grammar in Context could be effective
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English 1300 25 November 2013 Three Things/Ten Questions 1. I Stand Here Ironing • What do you think the future holds for Emily? • Emily was in various childcare situations. What do you think of the narrator’s choices? • How would Emily’s life have been different if she had grown up under different circumstances‚ such as living in a more stable household‚ with more money and better educational opportunities? • If Emily lived in better circumstances‚ do you think she would have developed
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VOCABULARY BETWEEN 18 AND 30 MONTHS After babbling incoherently‚ infants become toddlers that form holophrases—single words that often convey an entire sentence’s worth of meaning (Sigelman 279). As the toddler ages‚ they grow out of the phase where they point and gesture and begin to use their holophrases. They acquire words from their surroundings—what they hear others say. A child’s initial language acquisition “proceeds on word at a time” (Sigelman 279). At about eighteen months‚ infants have
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Chapter 10 The Other Civil War 1. What factors contributed to the growth of monopolies before the Civil War? What are some examples of monopolies formed in the 1850s? 2. What role did the federal and state governments play in the creation of monopolies? 3. Define “working-class consciousness.” Use the following documents to help you. a. 1827 “Address…before the Mechanics and Working Classes…of Philadelphia” b. 1829 Francis Wright’s speech on July 4th c. 1829 George
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actually learns grammar to learn his/ her own mother tongue. It is a natural phenomenon that we start speaking what everybody speaks around us. We gradually develop a better sense of understanding with the passage of time. We don’t study grammar of our own mother tongue to use it for daily speaking‚ but when we need to polish our own mother tongue‚ we have to study its grammar and we usually do that. When we come to learning a new language like English language‚ we need to study its grammar‚ the importance
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