planting 3.4 Trying things out: implementing chosen approaches 3.5 Sharing the results: spreading good practice 3.6 Keeping up the process 4. Managing the Agroforestry System 4.1 Crop diversification 4.2 Tree-crop interactions 4.3 Tree choice and planting arrangement 4.4 Using perennial tree crops 4.5 Contour strips 4.6 Soil and water conservation 4.7 Soil fertility management 5. Linking Agroforestry to Livelihoods 5.1 Mushroom production 5.2 Bee-keeping 5.3 Agribusiness
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2.3 Removal of vegetation 8 2.4 Shifting cultivation without adequate fallow periods 9 2.5 Overgrazing 9 2.6 Poor farming methods 9 - 10 2.7 Cultivation of marginal lands 10 - 11 2.8 Improper crop rotations 11 2.9 Unbalanced fertilizer use 11 2.10 Pests and diseases 11 3. Underlying causes of degradation Page 12 3.1 Land shortage 12 3.2 Land tenures 12 - 13 3.3 Economic pressures 13
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examine the problems that peasant farmers faced in fountain‚ west St. George‚ st.vincent. Methodology How- the data was collected by distributing questionnaires among ten peasant farmers in the community and also by observations of the amount of crops being destroyed. When- the research was carried out on the 26th of September‚ 2014 between 3pm and 5pm. Also at that time pictures were taken by a camera and questionnaires were distributed. Where-data was collected at the study site in the parish
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Change‚ Plant and Invertebrate Ecology Department‚ Rothamsted Research‚ Harpenden‚ Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ‚ UK Contents Summary I. II. III. IV. Introduction Bioenergy‚ biomass and biofuel crops Bioenergy yield traits Bioenergy composition traits 15 15 16 16 22 V. VI. Sustainable bioenergy production from crops Increasing bioenergy yields in a sustainable way 23 24 26 27 27 VII. Conclusions and perspectives Acknowledgements References Summary Key words: bioenergy‚ biofuels‚ biomass‚ lignocellulosic
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neck and node). * Neck region develops a black color and shriveled completely / Partially grain set inhibited‚ panicle breaks at the neck and hangs * Appearances blasted or burnt on leaf‚ neck and internode | * Use seed from a disease - free crop * Destruction of wild collateral hosts * Timely removal of weed hosts * Destruction of infected plants * Spraying of Triclyclazole at 0.6 gm/liter of water or Edifenphos at 1 ml/lit of water or Carbendazim at 1.0 gm/lit. * 3 to 4 sprays each
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Jill Payne Mrs. Healey Ecology March 7‚ 2011 Essay I have recently found several acres of land to plant my crops on although the land is not in the best condition. I have many concerns about planting on this land and thought of some measures throughout the upcoming years to improve the condition of my land. While thinking of these ideas to help improve my property I went back to the things I learned in the soil and agriculture chapters in my wonderful ecology class. I remembered how important
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food-producing economy‚ cultivating edible plants‚ and breeding animals. Mankind no longer needed to depended on the natural resources on the wild but they could now grow crops from the earth. In the comic “Mysteries of Catalhoyukl‚”by the Science Museum of Minnesota‚ Neolithic humans used new technology the plow and the wheel to plant and harvest crops were they resided in a community instead of migrating to hunt and gather. They domesticated plants by using seed selection and selective breeding--controlling
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not compatible with the fact that soil can be washed away or blown away. These practices are: Overstocking and overgrazing Inappropriate farming techniques such as deep ploughing land 2 or 3 times a year to produce annual crops Lack of crop rotation Planting crops down the contour instead of along it. Water erosion Water erosion causes two sets of problems: An on-site loss of agricultural potential An off-site effect of downstream movement of sediment‚ causing flooding and the
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the dissolution of medieval feudalism were urbanization as well as the increase in power and wealth of the merchant class. In the agricultural industries‚ the replacement of the two-field system with the three-field system of crop rotation‚ in which the amount of crops under cultivation could be increased by as much as 50 percent‚ was the most important technological advance during the Middle Ages. This system also enabled the people to support more horses‚ which not only speeded up the process
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plant roots. In a sustainable system‚ soil is kept in balance. Crops are rotated through the fields to replace nutrients in the soil. Where there is livestock‚ animals graze the land‚ then waste from those animals is used to fertilize the soil. The idea is that as farmers take from the land they also give back. Industrial farms disregard that need for balance. Land is used continuously and not given proper rest. Crops are not rotated in a way that replenishes the soil. Manure
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