National Institute of Geological Sciences Laboratory in Principles of Geology Geology 11.1 Laboratory Manual Name: _____________________ Student #: ___________________ Section: ____________________ Copyright © 2003 National Institute of Geological Sciences. All rights reserved. National Institute of Geological Sciences Laboratory in Principles of Geology Representing the Surface of the Earth Objectives To be able to interpret the data represented on a map To be able to identify
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volume) • plasma (an overall neutral collection of charged and neutral particles) • Solids • crystalline (atoms form a regular periodic structure) • amorphous (atoms have irregular spatial distribution) • Solids • metals (good electrical/heat conductors) • semiconductors • insulators (poor electrical/heat conductors) Bonding in solids: Ionic solids Ionic solid crystals (e.g. NaCl) are held together by the Coulomb attractive interaction between ions with opposite sign (ionic bonding) e2 b U = −αk
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Pre Lab 1a. Hydrated compound: ionic compound which contain water molecules inside their crystal lattice. The water is not chemically bonded to the crystal in any way and can be extracted by heating the compound. 1b. Anhydrous compound: a compound without water. 2a. The dot means that there are water molecules present in the crystal lattice in a specific ratio. 2b. For every mole of copper sulfate‚ there are five moles of water. 2c. The molar mass of copper (II) sulfate is 159.61 grams/mol
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is another thing that would be impossible for this very same reason. An interesting phenomena that has much to do with the expansion of water when it freezes are "ice spikes". These are small structures of ice that grow out of pure water when frozen at a temperature just below 0° C. What these structures resemble are upside down icicles. As the water freezes‚ it freezes from top to bottom‚ and outside to inside. First the surface freezes from the
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compound of interest and its contaminants • Basic technique: 1. dissolve impure sample in an "appropriate" hot solvent Part A: Choosing a Solvent Part B: Purification of Phenacetin 2. cool solution slowly to induce crystal growth 3. filter resulting mixture to isolate crystals Reading: Mohrig‚ Hammond & Schatz Ch. 15 pgs 183-197 Ch. 10 pgs 104-113 Ch. 14 pgs 174-182 • Scale: 5-10 mg discovery based research - a new material prepared in a lab 1‚000 kg + commercial applications - sugar
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natural fibers‚ materials and lighting—as well as crystals and gemstones. Combined with feng shui design‚ blessings‚ space clearings and other modalities‚ we can recreate that harmonious balance in our work and living spaces. One of Earth’s greatest gifts to us is crystals and gemstones. The rising consciousness of the planet is finally leading us to rediscover the ancient and forgotten healing art of crystals. Each natural crystalline structure has its own individual energy as well as its own
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(drinking) water. In order to evaluate this effectiveness‚ the yield and purity of only the ice product is investigated before and after a number of wash cycles. A 1000g solution of 5 wt% CuSO4 underwent crystallization for one hour with the use of ice crystal seeding and the agitation of a stirrer at 500rpm. After the crystallization process‚ the mass of the ice product and filtrate were recorded. The ice product was then washed with de-ionised water under Buchner vacuum filtration‚ before the masses
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reactions are often contaminated with impurities. One method for purifying chemicals‚ recrystallization‚ takes advantage of the differences in the solubilities of the desired products and the impurities and the tendency for the slow formation of crystals to exclude impurities from the crystalline solid. HC HC HC CH C CH MgBr + CO2 + HCl HC HC HC CH C CH CO2H ClMgBr Benzoic acid‚ the chemical that we will be purifying‚ can be made by reacting phenylmagnesium bromide with carbon dioxide. When the
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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA MEC281 MATERIAL SCIENCE Chapter 1: Structure TUTORIAL 1: Atomic Structure 1. Define : i. Atomic Mass ii. Atomic Number iii. Isotopes 2. Give the electron configurations for the following ions : i. Oxygen ii. P5+ iii. Ni2+ iv. Br- v. Cu PERIODIC TABLE MEC 281 EM/JUNE2014/MEC281 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA MEC281 MATERIAL SCIENCE Chapter 1: Structure TUTORIAL 2: INTERATOMIC BONDING‚ CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 1. Specify the type of atomic bonding for each of the following
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During the synthesis of acetaminophen‚ it is necessary to dissolve all solid material‚ and heat the reaction at a high enough temperature and for a long enough time period to ensure completion. Cooling the mixture in an ice bath ensures that all crystals have formed‚ and drying removes any remaining solvent. The synthesis of acetaminophen does not result in a pure product‚ so recrystallization is necessary to purify the substance. During recrystallization‚ it is important to dissolve all
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