Cross Cultural Leadership – 15.996 Lecture Notes Class Two – Cultural Styles • • • • • Universalism vs. Particularism Individualism vs. Collectivism Neutral vs. Emotional Achievement vs. Ascription Dialogue: making a joint hiring decision including compensation Read: • Trompenaars‚ Fons and Hampden-Turner‚ Charles. Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Global Business (2nd edition). New York: McGraw-Hill‚ 1998‚ pages: 1-10‚ 29-36‚ 49-53‚ 68-75‚ 80-81‚ 105-111
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Cultural relativity is the process to understand that all beliefs‚ customs‚ and ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context. In other words‚ “right” and “wrong” are culture-specific; what is considered moral in one society may be considered immoral in another society. And since there is no something as “universal standard of morality”‚ therefore we have to use the culture’s own value system to judge the culture. It is closely related to ethical relativism‚ which is to judge
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The theory of cultural imperialism in media is where one culture controls another‚ forcing it ’s culture to change to the controlling one . This theory is said to have first developed in the mid-twentieth century‚ and initially it was a response to the changes society was undergoing after the development of improved telecommunications. Various terms such as "media imperialism"‚ "structural imperialism"‚ and "cultural dependency and domination"‚ (L. White) have all been used
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have heard the expression that a person who doesn’t stand for something will fall for anything. We have allowed moral relativism to creep in and push us into the proverbial corner. Moral relativism is a belief that there is no right or wrong‚ no good or evil where rules no longer exist. Dr. Dobson’s letter seems to have more relevance today than it did 20 years ago. I believe relativism has had the most impact in regards to healthcare. The Hippocratic Oath seems to have flown out the window. The patient
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Understanding and Celebrating Cultural Diversity in America ` Many people mistakenly use phrases such as “American culture‚” “white culture‚” or Western culture‚” as if such large‚ common‚ and homogenous cultures exist in the United States today. These people fail to acknowledge the presence of (1)cultural diversity‚ or the presence of multiple cultures and cultural differences within a society. In reality‚ many different cultural groups comprise the United States
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“Cross-cultural psychology is the study: of similarities and differences in individual psychological functioning in various cultural and ethnocultural groups; of ongoing changes in variables reflecting such functioning; and of the relationships of psychological variables with sociocultural‚ ecological and biological variables” (Berry et al‚ 2012). Defining Cross-Cultural Psychology Berry et al (2012) define their topic using the English language‚ which of itself contains culturally-bound concepts
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Cultural Considerations Cultural diversity is normal in society today. People come from different races‚ cultures‚ and backgrounds. People have to learn the importance of respecting the culture of others. Everyone can learn from others. Superiority does not exist because of an individual’s culture. Some people from different cultural backgrounds believe that he or she is better than others but this is an untruth. Cultural concerns can have a negative influence on justice and security administration
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THE CULTURAL TALE OF TWO SHUTTLES NASA’s habit of relaxing safety standards to meet financial and time constraints set the stage for the Feb. 1 loss of the space shuttle Columbia and its seven astronauts‚ investigators said Tuesday. They warned that the agency’s “broken safety culture” would lead to tragedy again unless fundamental changes are made. In a wide-ranging analysis of decades of NASA history‚ the Columbia Accident Investigation Board said the space agency’s attitude toward safety
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Cultural Pluralism is a term used when smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities‚ and their values and practices are accepted by the wider culture provided they are consistent with the laws and values of the wider society. In my neighborhood‚ (Brooklyn‚ East Flatbush) there are many people from different races‚ culture and creed. I am surrounded by Indians‚ Asians‚ Latinos‚ Russians‚ African Americans‚ West Indians and Jews and we all co-exist with each other
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Question 1 In order to compare and contrast different cultures‚ one must first assess each of the countries included in the research in accordance with a cultural scale. Particularly in this case the Geert-Hofstede dimensions provide a strong base for comparison. By evaluating the the five dimensions of Geert-Hofstede‚ for both the Netherlands and the UK‚ a comparison can be made. The five dimensions as provided by Geert- Hofstede are; (1) power distance or PDI‚ (2) individualism or IDV
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