History of Exchange Rate Prepared for Ms. Rafia Afrin Course Title: International Finance Course Code: F603 Prepared By H. M. Shahriar Hassan Roll: 05 MBA 45E Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka March 19‚ 2013 History of Exchange Rate Exchange Rate: In finance‚ an exchange rate between two currencies is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another. It is also regarded as the value of one country’s currency in terms of another currency. The foreign
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A futures contract is a commitment to make or take delivery of a specific quantity of a commodity or other financial obligation at a predetermined place and time in the future. All terms of the contract are standardized and established beforehand‚ except for the price‚ which is determined by open outcry in a pit or ring on the exchange trading floor of a commodity exchange. All contracts ultimately are settled either through liquidation (by offsetting purchases or sales) or by the delivery of the
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REAL OPTIONS: STATE OF THE PRACTICE by Alex Triantis‚ University of Maryland‚ and Adam Borison‚ Applied Decision Analysis/ PricewaterhouseCoopers1 n an economic environment characterized by rapid change‚ great uncertainty‚ and the need for flexibility‚ it has become increasingly important for corporate managers to use investment evaluation tools and processes that properly account for both uncertainty and the company’s ability to react to new information. Real options has emerged as an approach
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LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO RISK Chapter Objectives • Discuss different meanings of the term risk. • Describe major types of business risk and personal risk. • Explain and compare pure risk to other types of risk. • Outline the risk management process and describe major risk Expected loss UNIT I CHAPTER 1 RISK & ITS MANAGEMENT Expected loss Uncertainty (vaiability around the expected loss) One situation is riskier than other if it has greater RISK MANAGEMENTFOR GLOBAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
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trillion. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) says U.S. commercial banks held $ 56 trillion of derivatives at the end of 2002”‚ and by comparison the GDP of the US was estimated to 10.4 trillion the same year. The world’s largest financial market today is therefore without doubt the derivative market. Derivatives have come into existence because nearly every business has its risks. Derivatives are used to protect against key-business risks which are beyond our control‚ such as movements
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In the futures markets‚ there is no assurance that a liquid market may exist for offsetting a commodity contract at all times. Some future contracts and specific delivery months tend to have increasingly more trading activity and have higher liquidity than others. The most useful indicators of liquidity for these contracts are the trading volume and open interest. There is also dark liquidity‚ referring to transactions that occur off-exchange and are therefore not visible to investors until after
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CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2. I History of the Formation and Operations of the Ghana Stock Exchange The financial crises that the Ghanaian economy experienced by extending the banking sector in the early 1980’s made policymakers and the private sector to look for complementary sources of long-term capital so as to reduce the dominance that existed in the banking system. The government of Ghana in collaboration with the World
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Exchange Rate Notes Class Notes Exchange rate can be expressed in two ways‚ for example: £1 = 1.52 CHF 1 CHF = £0.66 Foreign Exchange (Forex) Market Many currencies float freely on the free market. However‚ this is a relatively new phenomenon. After the war‚ major currencies were pegged to each other under the Bretton woods agreement. They were backed up by gold reserves to keep them at this level. Prior to the war they were often pegged to the price of Gold. Prior to the Euro (1990s)
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The Risk Profile A plot showing how firm value is affected by changes in prices or rates. Reducing Risk Exposure Although perfect hedging may be impossible‚ the normal goal is to reduce financial risk to bearable levels and thereby flatten out the risk profile. Forward Contracts: The Basics Forward contract—contract between buyer‚ who will take future delivery of the goods‚ and seller‚ who will make future delivery‚ for sale of asset in the
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Types of Risk Stand-Alone Risk This risk assumes the project a company intends to pursue is a single asset that is separate from the company’s other assets. It is measured by the variability of the single project alone. Stand-alone risk does not take into account how the risk of a single asset will affect the overall corporate risk. Corporate Risk This risk assumes the project a company intends to pursue is not a single asset but incorporated with a company’s other assets. As such‚ the
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