FINANCIAL SECTOR TALENT ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME FUNDAMENTALS OF SHARIAH presented by Ahmad Sanusi Husain 1 CONTENTS 1. Participating Contracts - Types of Participating Contracts - Essential Elements - Necessary Conditions 2. Supporting Contracts - Types of Supporting Contracts - Essential Elements - Necessary Conditions 2 TYPES OF PARTICIPATING CONTRACTS Shirkat (Partnership) Shirkat Milk (Holding Partnership) Inheritance (Faraid) Will (Wasiyyat) Mudharabah (Trustee Partnership)
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Balance from her accounts on 30 April 2009. Rent General expenses Insurance Salaries Electricity Capital Motor expenses Bad debts Drawings Debtors Creditors Bank Stock 10% Loan Loan interest Carriage outwards Commission received Purchases Sales Purchases returns Sales returns Discounts allowed Discounts received Provision for doubtful debts Equipment Provision for depreciation of equipment Motor vehicles Provision for depreciation of motor vehicles Dr £ 4 000 6
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investment with short-term debt causes a huge amount of short-term liabilities and a large decline in asset prices. Thirdly‚ deterioration in the balance sheets causes the bank to liquidate the assets and makes the assets even less valuable. Furthermore‚ in Euro Crisis 2009‚ because of adverse selection‚ poorer countries become the major member of single currency zone such as Greece‚ Portugal‚ Spain and so on. The larger government debt of those poorer countries makes the sovereign debt crisis becomes more
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reform packages constitute a coherent program for economic and social collapse…They destroy the entire fabric of the domestic economy’” - Herbert Jaunch‚ Labor Resource and Research Institute (LaRRI)‚ Namibia To find the multiple roots of the debt problem in Africa‚ you have to go back to the European colonial administration of Africa. Many of the colonial powers were only in Africa for resource extraction. Because of that‚ the people of Africa were only trained in one area of work‚ and adding
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Management:17 Graham‚ J Hackbarth D. Hennessy C. Leland H. (2007)-“Can the trade-off theory explain debt structure?” Oxford University press:2007 Hall‚ G Huang S.G.H.‚ & Song F.M. (2006). “The Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from China”China Economic Review‚ 17‚ pp. 14-3 Howe J.S Fama‚ E.F. and K.R. French (2002) “Testing trade-off and pecking order predictions about dividends and debt” Review of Financial Studies‚ 15‚ 1-33 Faulkender‚ M.‚ & Petersen‚ M Jensen‚ M.C. (1986)-“Agency
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graduated college they are left with a huge debt of college loans to pay back. Author Kritina Dell gives a prime example of a student just out of college struggling to pay back student loans in her article “I Owe U.” Dell explains that a young girl is struggling to find a job but is busting tables at night in order to pay back her student loans before she can begin her future. Being in debt can cause a roadblock in ones future career. By having student debts right out of college‚ it
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4 billion being met by debt alone the ownership pattern and voting rights will remain impact. * Debt carries lower cost compared to equity. * The tax advantage of debt can be utilized by the company to improve earnings. The higher financial leverage can give the company higher profits if return form invested 4bn gives higher returns than the cost of debt. The drawbacks of option 1 are: * With increased reliance on debt the financial risk increases and the debt servicing burden of Merit
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increasing its EPS to 1.00 a share while still maintaining a dividend of .60 a share while actually lowering its dividend payout ratio. Southport was also highly liquid during this time‚ having $54 million in cash on hand and liquid securities and no debt in its capital structure. Being in a highly liquid position Southport sought diversification to lessen its dependence on Sulfur which had accounted for 90% of sales in the mid 1960’s. Southport was looking for a sizable investment for its cash position
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Case Study: Hill County Snack Food Co. 1.1 How much business risk does Hill County face? Hill County operates in a very competitive market where new potential entrants can be a threat to its operation either through lower price offering or lower production cost. Competition from peer companies has significant effect on its operation‚ because Hill County is price taker in the market‚ that is‚ increase in prices is not one of the choices it can implement. Also‚ due to the fact that its profitability
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Modes of Extinguishment of Obligations Payment or performance Loss of the thing due Condonation or remission of debt Confusion or merger of rights Compensation Novation Annulment Rescission Fulfillment of resolutory condition Payment / Performance delivery of money and performance‚ in any other manner of the obligation Requisites for Valid Payment / Performance With respect to the prestation Identity Integrity or completeness Indivisibility Requisites for Valid Payment With respect
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