treatment of the water (Putz‚ 2003). Calcium is largely responsible for water hardness‚ and may negatively influence toxicity of other compounds. Elements such as copper‚ lead and zinc are much more toxic in soft water. Calcium carbonate has a positive effect on lead water pipes‚ because it forms a protective lead (II) carbonate coating. This prevents lead from dissolving in drinking water‚ and thereby prevents it from entering the human body. Calcium phosphate is a supporting substance and
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Reefs? Coral reefs are reefs consisted of coral consolidated into limestone. They are made of thin layers of calcium carbonate. Stony corals‚ or scleractinians‚ are the corals primarily responsible for laying the foundations of‚ and building up‚ reef structures. Immense reef structures are formed when each individual stony coral organism‚ or polyp‚ secretes a skeleton of calcium carbonate. How are corals classified? Corals are classified as animals although they may resemble plants. In scientific
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in modern disciplines such as stable isotope geochemistry‚ isotope geology‚ biogeochemistry‚ pale- 142 Chapter 3. Stable Isotope Fractionation oceanography and others. For instance‚ the analysis of the ratio of stable oxygen isotopes in calcium carbonate‚ secreted by organisms like belemnites‚ mollusca‚ and foraminifera and buried in deep-sea
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changed‚ is thermogravimetry. The loss on ignition is reported as part of an elemental or oxide analysis of a mineral. The volatile materials lost usually consist of "combined water" (hydrates and labile hydroxy-compounds) and carbon dioxide from carbonates. It may be used as a quality test‚ commonly carried out for minerals such as iron ore. For example‚ the loss on ignition of a fly ash consists of contaminant unburnt fuel. Advantages of Straight Grate Indurating Furnace over Chinese System (Grate
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that we had a change in color and a solid precipitate. 3. Na2CO3(aq)+ HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + HCO3(aq) Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2(aq) 2Na+ + CO32- + 2H+ + 2Cl- → 2Na+ + 2Cl- + H2O + CO2 CO32- + 2H+ → H2O(l) + CO2(g) With this reaction the carbonate and the diatomic hydrogen combined together to make the bubbling effect that we had noted. This leaves us with the water molecule with the sodium chloride dissolved in it with the carbon dioxide gas bubbles. 4. NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
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EFFECT OF FOSSIL FUELS ON THE ENVIRONMENT Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms. The age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years‚ and sometimes exceeds 650 million years.[4] Fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include coal‚petroleum‚ and natural gas.[5] They range from volatile materials with lowcarbon:hydrogen ratios like methane‚ to liquid petroleum to nonvolatile materials
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i. Autotrophs j. Heterotrophs k. light energy 2. Carbon/Oxygen cycle On the cycle diagram label the following: a. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) b. Carbonate (CO3)2- c. Oxygen (O2) d. Fossil Fuels e. Photosynthesis f. Respiration g. Combustion h. Decomposition i. Biota waste j. Methane (CH4) k. Autotrophs l. Heterotrophs 3. Nitrogen cycle On the cycle diagram label the following: a. Nitrogen
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1 Model Question Paper Basic Engineering and Sciences The material in which spontaneous polarization changes with temperature is known as (1) Piezo electric (2) Ferro electric (3) Pyro electric (4) Magneto optic Where K and s are thermal and electrical conductivities in a solid‚ according to Wiedemann Franz law 1. The theorem used for equilibrium of concurrent 8. coplanar forces is (1) Varignon’s Theorem (2) Lame’s Theorem (3) Parallel Axis Theorem
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Synopsis The objective of this experiment is to determine the percentage by mass of calcium carbonate‚CaCO3 in toothpaste using back titration technique. A known weight portion of toothpaste is obtained to react with known volume and concentration of standard acid solution. After completing the reaction‚ the resulting solution containing excess acid is back titrated with known volume and concentration of standard base solution. Determination of excess acid after reaction allow us to calculate the
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rock‚ a form of sedimentary rock composed of mineral calcite. It forms under reasonably deep marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of minute calcite plates shed belonging to the division of haptophytes. They function as a special calcium carbonate. Eggshell is another object that
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