High output heart failure is when cardiac output is normal or slightly higher‚ but the demand for blood flow is abnormally high. Hyperthyroidism‚ anemia‚ and severe infections are some causes of high output heart failure. The heart is unable to deliver the increased amount of blood and fails. Low output failure is when cardiac output is low‚ but the demand for blood flow is normal. The heart is unable to meet the demand and fails. Low output failure is more common than high output failure
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developing Hypertension which in turn could result in decreased cardiac output‚ activity intolerance‚ imbalanced nutrition by taking more than body requirements‚ and a learning deficient in regarding condition‚ treatment plan to include‚ diet‚ exercise‚ follow up‚ Untreated Hypertension potentially puts them at risk for Congestive heart failure‚ angina‚ or myocardial infarction. These in turn can result in severe pain‚ decreased cardiac output‚ ineffective tissue perfusion‚ and again a learning
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These hospitalizations are one of the problems and evidence that Mrs. Fisher’s cardiac condition is worsening. Her CHF and A-fib are causing fluid retention and increased cardiac pre-load‚ decreased cardiac output‚ compromised coronary circulation‚ which is resulting in angina‚ dyspnea‚ and weakness (Copstead‚ 2013; GCU‚ 2013a). Numerous cardiac medications demonstrate an attempt to treat these signs and symptoms (GCU‚ 2013b) but Mrs. Fisher may neither truly understand her disease process‚ nor
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respiratory systems. (P4) Cardiovascular System Cardiac Hypertrophy The heart increases in size and volume; this allows more blood to enter the heart allowing a greater amount of oxygenated blood to be pumped to the working muscles. To withstand the large amount of blood‚ the left ventricle becomes thicker‚ increasing the force of the flow. Increase in Stroke Volume Stroke volume also increases with the increased size of the cardiac muscle. With an increased stroke volume‚ the heart can
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PALS Helpful Hints Nov 2011 The PALS exam is a 33 question exam. Passing score is 84% or you may miss 5 questions. For those persons taking PALS for the first time or renewing with a current card‚ exam remediation is permitted should you miss more than 5 questions on the exam. Viewing the books ahead of time with the accompanying student web site www.heart.org/eccstudent located on page ii of the PALS provider manual is very helpful. This site has a pretest and other helpful tools. This
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of the GIT * pyloric obstruction * tachycardia * megacolon or myasthenia gravis. | * Constipation * decreased sweating‚dryness of mouth‚skin and eye * blurred feeling * bloating * dysuria * nausea or vomiting‚ * lightheadedness * headache * weakness | * Assess for eye pain * Assess for urinary hesitancy * Assess for constipation * Monitor urine output * Encourage patient to void. * Monitor BP for possible hypertension. * For pregnant women‚ monitor cervical
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fast and sustained paralysis of the skeletal striated muscles‚ including the diaphragm and the rest of the respiratory muscles; this would eventually cause death by asphyxiation. 3. Potassium chloride: stops the heart‚ and thus causes death by cardiac arrest. The drugs are not mixed externally as that can cause them to precipitate All states and the federal government use lethal injection as their primary method of execution. Some states use a three-drug protocol‚ others use a single-drug
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that are toxic to the kidney Pathophysiology Prerenal Hypoperfusion (decreased blood volume and cardiac output‚ vascular resistance) and ischemia lead to ARF Intrarenal Direct damage to functional kidney tissue Ex. Glomerulonephritis‚ vasculitis‚ hypertension Postrenal Urinary tract obstruction with resulting kidney damage is the cause Acute tubular failure Destruction of tubular epithelial cells causes decreased renal function Ischemia and nephrotoxins are the cause of acute tubular
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Review: redox modulation of skeletal muscle contraction: what we know and what we don’t‚ Journal of Applied Physiology 90.2‚ 724–731. Saltin B‚ & Calbert J‚ (2006)‚ Point: In health and in a normoxic environment‚ V̇o2 max is limited primarily by cardiac output and locomotor muscle blood flow‚ Journal of Applied Physiology‚ 100; 744–748. Suleman A. (2011).Exercise Physiology: [ONLINE].Available at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/88484-overview[Accessed Smith K.‚ (2008) Men and Women In Hypoxia:
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smooth muscle walls relax. Vascular resistance is owed largely to the arterioles of the systemic circulation. Arteriole resistance regulates blood flow to the tissues downstream. In addition to this arteriole resistance (in combination with the cardiac output) regulates the systemic arterial pressure. Intrinsic (local) mechanisms: In tissues with low tolerance of ischaemia (inadequate blood flow)‚ such as the brain and heart‚ intrinsic flow adjustment mechanisms dominate. These include: Local temperature
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