narrow beam and a narrow spectral bandwidth (about 2cm). Lasers in fiber optics are usually solid-state semiconductor types. Lasers are used to provide the high-powered‚ tightly controlled light wavelengths necessary for high-speed‚ long-distance optical fiber transmissions. 4. Output Pattern – LED and laser semiconductors used in fiber-optic light sources are packaged to couple as much light as possible into the core of the optical fiber. The output pattern‚ or NA of the light source directly relates
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DESIGN OF A CHIRPED FIBER BRAGG GRATING FOR USE IN WIDEBAND DISPERSION COMPENSATION İsa Navruz e-mail: inavruz@eng.ankara.edu.tr Ahmet Altuncu e-mail: altuncu@mail.dumlupinar.edu.tr Key words: Fiber Bragg grating ‚ dispersion compensation‚ apodization ABSTRACT A wideband chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) dispersion compensator operating in C band is designed theoretically by numerically solving the coupled mode equations. The power reflectivity spectrum and dispersion characteristics of
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together on an optical fiber‚ with each signal carried at the same time on its own separate light wavelength. Using DWDM‚ up to 80 (and theoretically more) separate wavelengths or channels of data can be multiplexed into a light stream transmitted on a single optical fiber. Each channel carries a time division multiplexed (TDM) signal. In a system with each channel carrying 2.5 Gbps (billion bits per second)‚ up to 200 billion bits can be delivered a second by the optical fiber. DWDM is also sometimes
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indicator lamps‚ in automobiles as rear-window and brake lights‚ and on billboards and signs as alphanumeric displays or even full-color posters. Infrared LEDs are employed in autofocus cameras and television remote controls and also as light sources in fiber-optic telecommunication systems. The familiar light bulb gives off light through incandescence‚ a phenomenon in which the heating of a wire filament by an electric current causes the wire to emit photons‚ the basic energy packets of light. LEDs operate
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P4 – Recording results of dietary intake over 3 days. I had to gather information over a 3 day period on what an individual ate‚ drank and how much exercise they did over that period of time. I did this so I could assess what could be changed and recommended in their daily intake. The individual I used was a 17 year old female‚ her dietary intake would be different to an elderly person or a pregnant woman. Guideline Daily Amounts or GDAs are a guide to how many calories and nutrients people can
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DWDM Tutorial Prerequisite Training November 15‚ 2002 DWDM Prerequisite Training Trademarks and Copyrights FNC is a trademark of Fujitsu Network Communications‚ Inc. (FNC). Alcatel is a registered trademark of Alcatel. 6910 TeraLight is a trademark of Alcatel. Corning is a registered trademark of Corning Corporation DS and SMF-28 are trademarks of Corning Corporation DS is a trademark of Corning E-LEAF is a registered trademark of Corning. Lucent is a trademark of Lucent Corporation
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information 6 3. ANALYSIS 8 3.1 Fiber-optic technology 9 3.2 Fiber-optic applications 10 3.3 Transmission history 10 3.4 Fiber-optics emergence 11 3.5 Transmission system in Pakistan 12 3.6 Transition from microwave to optical fiber system 13 3.7 On-going optical fiber project 14 3.8 Improvements 14 4. CONCLUSIONS 15 4.1 The success factor of an organisation 16 4.2 Fiber-optic technology‚ a success factor 16 4.3
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Muscle Fiber contractions for our purposes begins with the arrival of action potential (action potential- is an electrical current) at the end of the axon terminal (axon terminal- the swollen distal end of the motor neuron axon). When the action potential reaches the axon terminal the action potential causes the voltage- gated calcium ion channels to open allowing calcium to flow in from extracellular fluid. The presence of calcium in the axon terminal causes synaptic vesicles (synaptic vesicles-
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emission of radiation) used to provide the high-powered‚ tightly controlled light wavelengths necessary for high-speed‚ long-distance optical fiber transmission. 4. Output Pattern-is the energy couples into the core of the optical fiber. 5. Output Power- allows transmission distances. 6. Modulation Speed- is something that can limit the performance of a fiber-optic communication system. 7. Core Diameter Mismatch- will cause confusion to the system that you are sending the data from because light
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A PARTIAL REQUIREMENT IN T.L.E II Recommended Dietary Allowance is a Guide in Determining Nutrients a Day Submitted by: Mariel Mae A. Maculbe Submitted to: Mr. Armando C. Prado August ‚2010 I. Introduction Human beings require food to grow‚ reproduce‚ and maintain good health. Without food‚ our bodies could not stay warm‚ build or repair tissue‚ or maintain a heartbeat. Eating the right foods can help us avoid certain diseases or recover
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