Budgeted Production Cost and Variance Analysis. At the beginning of 2011‚ Jejemon Corporation adopted the following standards: Direct Materials (3 lbs. @ P2.50 / lb) P 7.50 Direct Labor (5 hours @ P7.50 / hr) 37.50 Factory Overhead: Variable (P3.00 per direct labor hour) 15.00 Fixed (P4.00 per direct labor hour) 20.00 Standard Cost per unit P 80.00 Normal volume per month is 40‚000 standard labor hours. Jejemon’s january budget was based on normal volume. During January
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though “ABC has emerged as a tremendously useful guide to management action that can translate directly into higher profit” (Kaplan and Copper1991) It is not fair to say that Absorption costing is no longer relevant. In fact ABC does not conform to GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles). Absorption costing is conventionally used for external reports‚ filings and other statutory compliances; where all of the manufacturing costs and only manufacturing costs are needed. For example auditors
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Product costing systems in modern manufacturing organisations Product costing refers to the process of assigning shared direct and indirect costs to individual products‚ customers‚ branches or other cost items. (USAID‚ 2007) Product costing is also referred to as assigning costs to inventory and production based on the expenses that go into producing or buying inventory. It is an important process for manufacturers that helps improves management information on products and helps managers and the
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Activity Based Costing can be defined as an accounting methodology that assigns costs to activities based on their use of resources‚ rather than products or services. This enables resources and other associated costs to be more accurately attributed to the products and the services which they use. It doesn’t change or eliminate any costs; it provides detailed information about how costs are consumed. (Online manager-net.com). Traditional cost accounting looks at what is spent‚ while ABC methods
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company is able to reach the target market and access all the market desired‚ without the logistics issues‚ costs‚ and decreasing the trade risks. The disadvantage of using distributors is that Chocoberry may not know who is buying the healthy chocolate bar; consequently it cannot establish relationship with them. Another risk of using distributors is that the product might be advertised and priced in a way that is not advantageous for Chocoberry‚ causing reaching the wrong target market and losing market
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Activity-Based Costing (ABC) is when you figure out the cost of activities to then discover the cost of products and services. ABC occurs in in four stages. These steps are as follows: identify activities and calculate their estimated total costs‚ identify the allocation base for each activity and estimate the total quantity of each allocation base‚ compute the predetermined overhead allocation rate for every activity‚ and allocate indirect costs to the cost object. I will use the production of a
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PAPER – 5 : ADVANCED MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING QUESTIONS Marginal Costing Vs. Absorption Costing 1. During the current period‚ ABC Ltd sold 60‚000 units of product at Rs. 30 per unit. At the beginning for the period‚ there were 10‚000 units in inventory and ABC Ltd manufactured 50‚000 units during the period. The manufacturing costs and selling and administrative expenses were as follows: Total cost Rs. Beginning inventory: Direct materials Direct labour Variable factory overhead Fixed factory overhead
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Marginal Costing is ascertainment of the marginal cost which varies directly with the volume of production by differentiating between fixed costs and variable costs andfinally ascertaining its effect on profit. The basic assumptions made by marginal costing are following: - Total variable cost is directly proportion to the level of activity. However‚ variable cost per unit remains constant at all the levels of activities. - Per unit selling price remains constant at all levels of activities. -
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product costing system implemented in the company – with the exception of the calculation of product costs imperative for external financial reporting purposes‚ prepared by your company’s accountant. In order to reduce cost pressures upon Sunflower Ltd‚ in the highly competitive flower sector‚ this report recommends the introduction of management accounting into the company‚ in particular the use of product costing systems. The purpose of this report is to identify an appropriate product costing system
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Absorption and marginal costing (Relevant to AAT Examination Paper 3: Management Accounting) Li Tak Ming‚ Andy Deputy Head‚ Department of Business Administration‚ Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Kwai Chung) Introduction Absorption costing and marginal costing are alternative cost accumulation systems used to ascertain product or job costs for inventory valuation and cost of sales. Absorption costing Absorption costing includes both variable and fixed production costs in the
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