11 Allocation of Joint Costs and Accounting for By-Product/Scrap Objectives After completing this chapter‚ you should be able to answer the following questions: LO.1 LO.2 LO.3 LO.4 LO.5 How are the outputs of a joint process classified? What management decisions must be made before beginning a joint process? How is the joint cost of production allocated to joint products? How are by-product and scrap accounted for? How should not-for-profit organizations account for the cost of a joint activity?
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Question 5.1 Explain the difference between fixed costs‚ semi-fixed costs‚ and variable costs. Fixed costs are those which do not change with the level of activity within the relevant range. These costs will incur even if no units are produced. For example rent expense‚ straight-line depreciation expense‚ etc. Fixed costs are those which do not change with the level of activity within the relevant range. These costs will incur even if no units are produced. For example rent expense‚ straight-line
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Compare and contrast CAPM and APT? Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and arbitrage pricing theory (APT) are both methods of assessing an investment’s risk in relation to its potential reward and whether the potential investment yield is worthwhile. CAPM developed by Sharpe 1964. The basic theory behind this model is that investor needs to be compensated for Time Value of Money and the risk that they are taking. The time value of money is represented by the risk-free (rf) rate in
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Pricing objectives are goals that describe what a firm wants to achieve through pricing. Pricing objectives must be stated explicitly‚ and the statement should include the time frame for accomplishing them. There are six stages of setting prices. They are developing pricing objective‚ assessing the target market’s evaluation of price‚ evaluating competitors’ prices‚ choosing a basis for pricing‚ selecting a pricing strategy‚ and determining a specific price. Cost-based pricing is adding a
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1. The chief economist for Argus Corporation‚ a large appliance manufacturer‚ estimated the firm’s short-run cost function for vacuum cleaners using an average variable cost function of the form. AVC= a + bQ+ cQ^2 (the 2 is suppose to be exponent) Where AVC=dollars per vacuum cleaner and Q=number of vacuum cleaners produced each month. Total fixed cost each month is $180‚000. The following results were obtained: Dependent Variable:AVC R-Square
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Channel and pricing Strategies University of Phoenix Date Due: 30‚ August 2010 Channel and pricing Strategies Team C examines the channeling and pricing strategies of the Toyota Motor Corporation for the team’s product launch. The assignment explores the appropriate channel strategy for both the domestic market as well as the international market through direct exporting channels. The team justifies Toyota international market through extensive research on the chosen product. According
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Discuss the pros and cons of implementing a nationwide road pricing scheme The introduction of a nationwide road pricing scheme has been extensively considered in the UK. Early deliberations in the ‘Smeed Report’ implemented road pricing in 1962 using a colour coding system. With computing and telecommunications changes in recent years there is potential for the road pricing scheme‚ which was a component of the labour manifesto in 2005 using satellite navigation to track vehicle activity‚ to be
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March 2006 Immediate Release Hyundai Launches Family Pricing Strategy and Standardises Parts Prices The cost of owning and servicing a Hyundai has never been cheaper for Kiwi motorists from this week. Hyundai Automotive New Zealand has announced a revolutionary new parts policy that will see genuine part prices across Hyundai’s model range standardised‚ and in many cases becoming considerably cheaper. Known as the Family Pricing Strategy‚ the policy sees the price of regular maintenance
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Four Types of Pricing Objectives Price is a vital component of a marketing mix‚ also known as the "four Ps" of marketing. The other components are product‚ place and promotion‚ all of which constitute costs. Price‚ on the other hand‚ generates a return as it supports the other marketing-mix elements. Although supply and demand drive pricing decisions‚ they’re not the only factors. Any number of pricing objectives may come into play‚ but four in particular apply to most businesses. Survival
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Dynamic Pricing in the Airline Industry R. Preston McAfee and Vera te Velde California Institute of Technology Abstract: Dynamic price discrimination adjusts prices based on the option value of future sales‚ which varies with time and units available. This paper surveys the theoretical literature on dynamic price discrimination‚ and confronts the theories with new data from airline pricing behavior. Correspondence to: R. Preston McAfee‚ 100 Baxter Hall‚ California Institute of Technology‚
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