ions through the following reaction: Then‚ the hydroxyl is able to attack the rather acidic (pKa ~ 20) α-hydrogen of the ketone. This acidity is due to the stability of the resonance structures of the corresponding enolate ion that forms upon dissociation. When the hydroxide is able to subtract a hydrogen atom‚ a carbanion is formed. This carbanion is a very strong base and is able to attack the chlorine thus taking one of the chlorine atoms. The introduction of one chlorine atom catalyzes the attack
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Introduction: For this lab‚ the main focused involved alkanes and hydrocarbons. Essentially‚ the free-radical chain of chlorination of 1-Chlorobutne. Free radical-chains occur because alkanes are chemically unreactive with most agents. However‚ the free-radical chain allows a pathway of certain functional groups like alkyl chloride or bromides. In addition‚ chlorine atoms can possibly be made from molecular chlorine under low to mild conditions with the usage of a catalytic amount of an initiator
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commonly employed in undergraduate teaching labs. Formulations containing high concentrations of aspirin often smell like vinegar because aspirin can decompose through hydrolysis in moist conditions‚ yielding salicylic and acetic acids. The acid dissociation constant (pKa) for acetylsalicylic acid is 3.5 at 25°. Chemical Reactions Discussion of Results 3 grams of Salicylic Acid is equal to 0.0217 mol of the compound. The stoichiometric relationship between Salicylic Acid and Acetylsalicylic
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Final exam Fair Game Sheet Stress Disorders * Reactions to extreme trauma: * Intrusive recollections and acute distress upon cues that suggest the trauma * Dissociative symptoms (psychic numbing) – STRONGEST SYMPTOM FOR PTSD * Emotional detachment‚ being in a daze‚ dropping out of activities‚ avoidance of trauma related topics‚ forgetting key aspect of trauma‚ derealization(external world is fake) and depersonalization. * Depersonalization disorder: one feels
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mechanical forces within the cell to adjacent cells and the extracellular matrix‚ the distribution of organelles‚ the movement of molecules or components and the docking of proteins such as membrane receptors or ion channels. Ischemia will cause the dissociation of the cytoskeleton due to increase the intracellular concentrations of Ca+2 during ischemia which activate multiple phosphorylases and proteases that dissociate the cytoskeleton‚ thereby eliminating the functions that depend on its integrity
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Chapter 15/16 Worksheet Problem (1996 #2) 1) HOCl <--> OCl- + H+ Hypochlorous acid‚ HOCl‚ is a weak acid commonly used as a bleaching agent. The acid-dissociation constant‚ Ka for the reaction represented above is 3.2 x 10-8. (a) Calculate the [H+] of a 0.14-molar solution of HOCl. (2 points) (b) Write the correctly balanced net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when NaOCl is dissolved in water and calculate the numerical value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction
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Working Memory ● Working memory enables us to keep things in mind for short periods (215 seconds) as we think‚ e.g. while reading‚ making a list etc. ● It ’s related to but different to short-term-memory (STM) and long-term-memory (LTM). ● Chapter focuses on Baddley ’s (1986) model of phonological working memory‚ vocabulary acquisition and computational modelling of working-memory. ● The concept of ’span ’ means how many items from a briefly presented set can be remembered‚ e.g. ’word span
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Chapter 1: Measuring the amount of substance Analytical chemistry: science of chemical measurement. Its object is the generation‚ treatment and evaluation of signals from which information is obtained on the composition and structure of matter Measurement: process of obtaining the magnitude of a quantity Example: The amount of saturated fat in the sample is 3 g/serving. Quantity: attribute of a phenomenon that may be distinguished qualitatively and determined quantitatively Value: magnitude
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it does so‚ it increases weak acid concentration‚ so the reverse reaction rate starts to increase until you get a new equilibrium. Similarly‚ titration with a strong base decreases the H+ + salt => weak acid rate‚ and so (since the weak acid dissociation is still happening)‚ the weak acid => H+ + salt adds some H+
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solvents such as water at the level of individual atoms‚ ions or molecules (Silberberg‚ 2010). Dissolving an ionic salt in water destroys its lattice structure and the individual cations and anions dissociate through the body of the water. This ionic dissociation results in the surrounding water molecules getting attracted to the released ions (Lewis & Evans‚ 2011) and forming hydration shells. This process is referred to as dissolution (Lower‚ 2013). Sometimes‚ the dissolved ions may collide with each
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