NSE Research Initiative‚ Project Report no. 229 / 2009 Determinants and the Stability of Dividends in India: Application of Dynamic Partial Adjustment Equation using Extended Instrumental Variable Approach Dr. Manoj Subhash Kamat Dr. Manasvi Manoj Kamat Summary This paper improves on earlier research on stability and determinants of dividend policies by using a more advanced estimation methodology‚ a larger and more representative sample of panel data (PD)‚ and different proxies for a
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preponderance of probability’ ( Miller v Minister of Pensions (1947)). Even where Annie is alleging matters that would amount to the criminal offence of arson‚ she does not have to prove them beyond reasonable doubt. In Hornal v Neuberger Products Ltd (1957)‚ the plaintiff was sold a lathe by the defendants. One of their directors was alleged to have stated falsely that the machine had been reconditioned by a named firm. Had this representation been made by the director with knowledge of its
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Deriving the Dividend Discount Model in the Intermediate Microeconomics Class Stephen Norman Jonathan Schlaudraff Karianne White Douglas Wills* May 2012 Abstract This paper shows that the dividend discount model can be derived using the basic intertemporal consumption model that is introduced in a typical intermediate microeconomic course. This result will be of use to instructors who teach microeconomics to finance students in that it demonstrates the value of utility maximization in obtaining
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CORPORATE DIVIDEND PRACTICE One consideration is the desire to have a relatively stable dividend; the second is the desire to pay out‚ in the long run‚ a given fraction of earnings. This fraction is usually referred to as the payout target. These objectives may be conflicting. Earnings tend to fluctuate substantially from year to year. If a corporation routinely paid out a given fraction of those earnings as dividends‚ then the dividend itself would tend to fluctuate drastically from year to year
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theory‚ to fund an increased dividend payout or a stock buyback‚ a firm might invest less‚ borrow more‚ or issue more stock. Which of those three elements is Gainesboro’s management willing to vary‚ and which elements remain fixed as a matter of the company’s policy? 2. What happens to Gainesboro’s financing need and unused debt capacity if: a. no dividends are paid? b. a 20% payout is pursued? c. a 40% payout is pursued? d. a residual payout policy is pursued? Note that
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unsatisfactory product performance‚ either instrumental or symbolic‚ increases information search prior to purchase. Higher perceived risk is associated with increased search and greater reliance on personal sources of information and personal experiences. Perceived risk is a function of the individual‚ the product‚ and the situation. It varies from one consumer to another and for the same consumer from one product to another and one situation to another. The major types of risks that consumers perceive
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CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR: THE ROAD TO EFFECTIVE POLICY-MAKING 1. INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR? Have you ever told yourself that you should make an effort to be more physically active? Have you ever been determined to eat healthier or drink fewer fizzy drinks? Have you vowed to buy only organic or fair trade products? Did you ever promise to yourself that next time you’ll throw your empty soft-drink can into the recycling bin? And do you think about recycling while on holidays or
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A Project Report On “To study and evaluate the sales & channel management process in Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd (Appliance Division) for Home Appliance products for their South Delhi Branch territory”. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of “MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION - MARKETING” Session (2012-2014) Submitted By Rehan Ahmad Khan Under Supervision of Mr. Alok Singh Department of Management Studies Jamia Hamdard New Delhi-110062
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INTRODUCTION Dividend policy is the decision for the firm to pay out earnings verses retaining and reinvesting them. Dividend decision has remained one of the tough challenges for financial economists. We are yet to understand completely the factors that influence dividend decision and the manner in which these factors interact. From the practitioner’s viewpoint dividend policy of a firm has an implication for investors‚ managers‚ lenders and other stakeholders. For investors‚ dividends whether
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ONE 1 INTRODUCTION The term dividend refers to that part of profits of a company which is distributed by the company among its shareholders. It is the reward of the shareholders for investments made by them in the shares of the company. The investors are interested in earning the maximum return on their investments and to maximize their wealth. A company‚ on the other hand‚ needs to provide funds to finance its long-term growth. If a company pays out as dividend most of what it earns‚ then for
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