ON THE ECONOMICS OF ORGANIZED CRIME By Vimal Kumar and Stergios Skaperdas Department of Economics University of California‚ Irvine Irvine‚ CA 92697 Revised: February 13‚ 2008 Prepared for inclusion in: Garoupa‚ Nuno (ed.)‚ Criminal Law and Economics ABSTRACT: The core function of organized crime is the selling of protection. Protection can be real‚ against third-party crime‚ or manufactured by the organized crime groups themselves. Mafias and gangs emerge in areas of weak state control‚ because
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Poverty is an enemy of man; it humiliates and dehumanizes its victims‚ poverty holds sway‚ in the midst of plenty‚ a situation described in Nigeria’s political lexicon as a ‘bewildering paradox’. Poverty has been a serious challenge to governments in Nigeria. Its effects‚ which include lack and deprivation in the basic necessities of life‚ are worrisome. Apart from inducing lack of certain capabilities‚ such as that of being able to participate with dignity in societal endeavours‚ poverty has earned
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Can the act of a crime ever occur without a legitimate victim? This is a question that has remained in the conscious of the social science community for a prolonged period of time. More specifically in the field of sociology and criminology due to the controversy surrounding the very term. In order to comprehend the background of this heavily debated question and to formulate an accurate position through the following arguments. It is of grave importance to first understand the definition of all
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had mis-typed a medical billing code. At that time‚ I did not know what a ‘medical code’ was‚ even with a well rounded general familiarity of computers. So I decided to find out and inquire to my co-workers about this occupation. I applied to Penn Foster in 2013 and I learned medical coders and billers were a special position on its own. With my official certification from the AAPC and unique responsibility to protect patient’s privacy‚ as well as learning to put sometimes difficult codes in medical
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CAUSES OF POVERTY: Findings from Recent Research By Amy Rynell The Heartland Alliance Mid-America Institute on Poverty October 2008 Acknowledgements Funder This report was supported by a grant from the Chicago Community Trust. Editorial Support Jim Lewis‚ Chicago Community Trust Amy Terpstra‚ The Heartland Alliance Mid-America Institute on Poverty Research Team The Heartland Alliance Mid-America Institute on Poverty provides dynamic research and analysis on today’s most pressing
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"Poverty is like heat; you cannot see it; so to know poverty you have to go through it." Adaboya‚ Ghana Poverty is a relative perception used to describe the people in a society that cannot afford the essentials that others take for granted. And whilst many Australians deal with payments of bills‚ people living in poverty have to make intricate choices‚ such as skipping a meal to pay for their child’s clothing‚ text books ECT. People living in poverty not only have low levels of income; they
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A PAPER ON POVERTY AND PERSONALITY Presented By: Praveen S.John Web Page: http://praveenfriend.blogspot.com/ Introduction There are many factors that influence personality. Poverty is one among them. Personality is an organized and distinctive pattern of behavior‚ thought‚ and feelings which characterizes a person’s adaptation to a various situations
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Poverty is an epidemic that has swept the American nation many times over. Whether it be quietly lingering under the surface‚ or blatantly staring us in the face as it is in this current recession‚ it affects people across America on individual‚ community and national levels alike. While there are many causes and effects of poverty‚ it is important to view the issue of poverty and its causes from all angles when one seeks to tackle the problem. These factors include socio-economic status‚ mental
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Poverty: Causes‚ Responses and Consequences in Rural South Africa Elizabeth Francis‚ April 2006 Development Studies Institute London School of Economics Houghton St London WC2A 2AE e.m.francis@lse.ac.uk CPRC Working Paper No. 60 Chronic Poverty Research Centre ISBN: 1-904049-59-1 Elizabeth Francis is a Senior Lecturer in Development Studies at the London School of Economics. Acknowledgements The research on which the case study is based was carried out as a collaborative project
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The essay that I believe could become greatly improved upon with more revision is my research paper‚ “Who’s Putting the Care in Foster Care.” I think I felt a little under pressure from the daunting shadow of finals that December brings‚ reflecting on my essay as a mass amount of careless errors. With more time‚ I could not only more thoroughly proofread my essay‚ as I should have done previously‚ but also expand certain lacking areas of my essay. These lacking areas target my introduction and conclusion
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