Experiment 7 General Safety Considerations 1. 1-Butanol and 1-bromobutane are toxic and irritating. Avoid all contact by constantly wearing goggles‚ gloves and working in the hood. Neither of these compounds can be poured down the drain. Like all products‚ 1-bromobutane should be turned in to your TA in a labeled vial. Any excess butanol should be discarded in non-halogenated waste. 2. H2SO4 is extremely corrosive. In very diluted form it can be poured down the drain‚ all other precautions
Premium Distillation Water Chemical reaction
Reactivity of Alkyl Halides Introduction Nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides can proceed by two different mechanisms – the SN2 and the SN1. The purpose of the experiment was to identify the effects that the alkyl group and the halide-leaving group have on the rates of SN1 reactions‚ and the effect that the solvent has on the rates of SN1 and SN2 reactions. The SN1 mechanism is a two-step nucleophilic substitution‚ or unimolecular displacement. In the first step of the mechanism‚ the carbon-halogen
Premium Solvent Ethanol
Procedure: 1. Sodium Iodide in Acetone. Acetone‚ with a dielectric constant of 21‚ is a relatively nonpolar solvent that will readily dissolve sodium iodide. The iodide ion is an excellent nucleophile‚ and the nonpolar solvent‚ acetone‚ favors the Sn2 reactions; it does not favor ionization of the alkyl halide. The extent of reaction can be observed because sodium bromide and sodium chloride are not soluble in acetone and precipitate from solution if reaction occurs. 2. Ethanolic Silver Nitrate
Premium Nucleophile Ethanol Ion
Chapter 17—Alcohols and Phenols SHORT ANSWER Drawing Instructions: Draw structures corresponding to each of the given names. 1. Draw: cis-4-tert-butylcyclohexanol ANS: 2. Draw: 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol ANS: 3. Draw: 2-phenyl-2-propanol ANS: 4. Draw: glycerol ANS: 5. Draw: 2‚ 4‚ 6-trinitrophenol ANS: IUPAC Naming Instructions: Provide proper IUPAC names. 6. Name: ANS: (E)-2-ethylbut-2-en-1-ol 7. Name: HOCH2CH2OH ANS:
Premium Alcohol Acid
6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 5:02 PM Page ii 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 5:02 PM Page i 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 5:02 PM Page ii 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/15/07 2:14 PM Page iii ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I AS A SECOND LANGUAGE Second Edition DR. DAVID R. KLEIN Johns Hopkins University JOHN WILEY & SONS‚ INC. 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 Marketing Manager Production Manager Production Editor Cover Designer 5:02 PM Page iv Amanda Wygal Pamela
Free Atom Chemical bond Electron
substitution methods. These methods include SN1 and SN2 mechanism‚ both of which can occur for this type of reaction. For both reactions‚ the first step of protonation will be to add hydrogen to the –OH group and then the rest of the reaction will proceed according to the type of mechanism. SN1 reactions form a cation intermediate once the H2O group leaves‚ then allowing a halide (such as Br) to attack the positively charged reagent1. On the other hand‚ SN2 reactions are one-step mechanism in which
Premium Distillation Alcohol Ethanol
EXP 10-UNIMOLECULAR ELIMINATION REACTIONS Cansın Etli Lab Instructor: Emel Yılgör Experiment date:06.12.2010 Report Date: 20.12.2010 ABSTRACT In this experiment‚ the purpose was to investigate E1 elimination mechanism with the reaction of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene. The reaction was acid catalyzed dehydration of alcohol and with catalyst sulfuric acid cyclohexene was obtained from cyclohexanol. And the product was obtained from the simple distillation
Premium Alcohol Alkene Organic reaction
2-bromohexane CH3OH a) b) c) d) e) CH3CH2CH2CHCHCH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH2 An equimolar mixture of a and b. A mixture of the major product a with the minor product b. A mixture of the major product b with the minor product a. 10. Consider the SN2 reaction of butyl bromide with OH- ion. Assuming no other changes‚ what effect on the rate would result from simultaneously doubling the concentrations of both butyl bromide and OH- ion? CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + OH- CH3CH2CH2CH2OH +
Premium Chlorine Chemistry Bromine
Geometrical isomers: (E) and (Z) systems. Enantiomers and diastereoisomers; chirality‚ plane polarized light‚ racemization and absolute configuration. 4. Single bonded functional groups 4 Alkyl halides: Classification and characteristics. Reactions‚ SN1‚ SN2‚ E1‚ E2 and their mechanisms‚ Grignard reagents Alcohols and ether: Synthesis‚ dehydration and oxidation of alcohols. Ether cleavage. Amines: Nucleophilic substitution‚ basicity and reaction with nitrous acid. 5.
Premium Functional group Alcohol Carboxylic acid
nucleophile‚ while breaking the existing bond to the leaving group. The two types of nucleophilic substitution reactions‚ Sn1 and Sn2‚ are identified based on whether these events occur simultaneously or in two separate steps. To synthesize t-butyl chloride‚ the t-butyl alcohol undergoes first order nucleophilic substitution‚ also known as SN1. To understand why t-butyl reacts via Sn1 pathway‚ the kinetics of the reaction mechanisms must be observed. The steps of the nucleophilic substitution involved
Premium Sodium chloride Hydrochloric acid Chlorine